Cvs 1 - Part 1 Flashcards
• The heart has how many chambers
4
The upper chambers are the
Atria
The lower chambers are the
Ventricles
• What chamber forms most of the anterior surface of the heart?
Right ventricle
Interventricular septum is?
Wall between the two septums
The left ventricle is usually spared in trauma because:?
A
B
o It forms a small part of the Anterior Surface of the Heart
o The left lung covers this part of the left ventricle and hence protects it
• What chamber of the heart forms the base of the heart?
Left atrium
What is the posterior most chamber of the heart?
Left atrium
The right border of the heart is formed by what chamber of the Heart?
Right atrium
If in a cardiovascular disease the heart undergoes enlargement, the Left Atrium will push on the?
And what are the side effects?
esophagus and/or the trachea and the patient will have difficulty in Deglutation (Swallowing)/breathing.
The heart’s apex is deviated to the?
And located where
left (Located in the Left 5th intercostal space)
• Pericardium is
the membrane that encloses the heart
• Pericardium is the membrane that encloses the heart; there are 3 layers of the pericardium in the heart (from outermost to innermost):?
Fibrous
Parietal
Visceral
• What are the features of circulation in intrauterine lives that are not found in adult circulation?
Fetal circulation:
No lung function
- Oxygen comes from maternal circulation via the placenta
- Presence of “shunts” (passageway that allows passage of fluid from one part of the circulation to another) that shift the blood flow from one side of the other side; if these shunts fail to close at birth, it can result Congenital Anomalies
Foramen ovale
connects the RIGHT ATRIUM to the LEFT ATRIUM via an oval opening in the Interatrial septum;
• 3 major venous channels called the:
Superior vena cava
Inferior vena cava
Coronary sinus
Superior vena cava
(drains blood from the Brain, head. neck) and upper extremities,
Inferior vena cava
(drains blood from the lower extremities, Pelvis, Abdomen and Most of the Thorax), and
Coronary sinus
Collects deoxygenated blood from the heart)
All of the three venous channels (As above) collects here?
Coronary sinus
Where do the three pathways drain into the heart
Right atrium
The blood from the Right Atrium is then shunted to the?
Via?
left (via the Foramen Ovale) because there is no lung function in intrauterine life.
When this closes at birth, this location is marked by a shallow depression called the
Fossa ovalis
If it fails to undergo closure, what will occur
ASD (Atrial Septal Defect)
• The blood then flows through the Tricuspid Valve, which is present between the RIGHT ATRIUM and the RIGHT VENTRICLE. This valve only allows blood to flow INTO the right ventricle; it is unable to flow back into the Right Atrium. (All valves are designed in such a way that allow the blood to flow in one direction only)
I
• From the Right Ventricle, the Pulmonary artery is formed from the anterior surface. The Pulmonary artery is guarded by a valve. This is called the “Pulmonary Semilunar valve”. The Pulmonary artery/trunk then divides into the Right and Left Pulmonary arteries.
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Ductus anteriosos connects?
Which allows?
connects the Pulmonary artery and its branches to the Arch of the Aorta,
which then allow the blood to flow to the rest of the fetus
In most cases within 3 weeks of birth the Ductus Arteriosus degenerates and becomes
A ligament known as Ligamentum Arteriosum,
Ligamentum Arteriosum, which is attached to the
Pulmonary trunk and slings the aortic arch
In some individuals, this ligament may constrict the Arch of the Aorta in their late teens or early twenties, causing a condition known as
Coarctation of the aorta
COARCTATION OF THE AORTA, which will make them present with
high blood pressure in the UPPER limbs, head and neck region and lower/normal blood pressure in the LOWER limbs, and debilitating headaches).
AFTER BIRTH: The blood from the Right and Left Pulmonary arteries then goes to the
Respective lungs
From the respective lungs it travels to the
which then travel to the Left Atrium via the Pulmonary veins (transport oxygenated blood)
From the Left Atrium it travels to the
Left ventricle
From the Left Atrium it travels to the Left Ventricle, which is guarded by a valve with two cuspids called
Bicuspid valve
Bicuspid valves role in blood flow
allows blood flow to flow to the Left Ventricle, but not back to the Left Atrium..
The blood in the Left Ventricle is then pumped to the
Through the?
Aorta
through the Aortic Semilunar Valve, which pumps it to the rest of the body)
Ductus Venosus allows
oxygenated blood from the placenta to bypass the liver;
Ductus venous connects
connects the umbilical vein to the Inferior Vena Cava
after birth what becomes shrunken and shriveled and forms the Ligamentum Venosum.
Ductus venous
Umbilical Artery
What
Where
paired artery (one for each side half of the body) that is found in the abdominal and pelvic regions.
In the fetus, the umbilical artery extends into the
Umbilical cord
Purpose of umbilical artery
transports Deoxygenated blood from the fetus to the placenta.
After birth umbilical artery becomes
a branch of the anterior division of the Internal Iliac Artery
Umbilical Vein transports
transports OXYGENATED blood from the placenta to the growing fetus.
Within a week of birth, the infant’s Umbilical Vein is completely obliterated and becomes
fibrous cord called the Round Ligament of the Liver.
Umbilical vein joins with the Falciform Ligament of the Liver to
separate the right and left lobes of the Liver.
What is the #1 cause of death in the U.S.
Cardiovascular disease
