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A And P Test 2 > Cvs 1 - Part 1 > Flashcards

Cvs 1 - Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

• The heart has how many chambers

A

4

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2
Q

The upper chambers are the

A

Atria

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3
Q

The lower chambers are the

A

Ventricles

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4
Q

• What chamber forms most of the anterior surface of the heart?

A

Right ventricle

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5
Q

Interventricular septum is?

A

Wall between the two septums

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6
Q

The left ventricle is usually spared in trauma because:?
A
B

A

o It forms a small part of the Anterior Surface of the Heart

o The left lung covers this part of the left ventricle and hence protects it

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7
Q

• What chamber of the heart forms the base of the heart?

A

Left atrium

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8
Q

What is the posterior most chamber of the heart?

A

Left atrium

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9
Q

The right border of the heart is formed by what chamber of the Heart?

A

Right atrium

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10
Q

If in a cardiovascular disease the heart undergoes enlargement, the Left Atrium will push on the?

And what are the side effects?

A

esophagus and/or the trachea and the patient will have difficulty in Deglutation (Swallowing)/breathing.

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11
Q

The heart’s apex is deviated to the?

And located where

A

left (Located in the Left 5th intercostal space)

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12
Q

• Pericardium is

A

the membrane that encloses the heart

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13
Q

• Pericardium is the membrane that encloses the heart; there are 3 layers of the pericardium in the heart (from outermost to innermost):?

A

Fibrous

Parietal

Visceral

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14
Q

• What are the features of circulation in intrauterine lives that are not found in adult circulation?

A

Fetal circulation:

No lung function

  • Oxygen comes from maternal circulation via the placenta
  • Presence of “shunts” (passageway that allows passage of fluid from one part of the circulation to another) that shift the blood flow from one side of the other side; if these shunts fail to close at birth, it can result Congenital Anomalies
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15
Q

Foramen ovale

A

connects the RIGHT ATRIUM to the LEFT ATRIUM via an oval opening in the Interatrial septum;

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16
Q

• 3 major venous channels called the:

A

Superior vena cava

Inferior vena cava

Coronary sinus

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17
Q

Superior vena cava

A

(drains blood from the Brain, head. neck) and upper extremities,

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18
Q

Inferior vena cava

A

(drains blood from the lower extremities, Pelvis, Abdomen and Most of the Thorax), and

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19
Q

Coronary sinus

A

Collects deoxygenated blood from the heart)

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20
Q

All of the three venous channels (As above) collects here?

A

Coronary sinus

21
Q

Where do the three pathways drain into the heart

A

Right atrium

22
Q

The blood from the Right Atrium is then shunted to the?

Via?

A

left (via the Foramen Ovale) because there is no lung function in intrauterine life.

23
Q

When this closes at birth, this location is marked by a shallow depression called the

A

Fossa ovalis

24
Q

If it fails to undergo closure, what will occur

A

ASD (Atrial Septal Defect)

25
Q

• The blood then flows through the Tricuspid Valve, which is present between the RIGHT ATRIUM and the RIGHT VENTRICLE. This valve only allows blood to flow INTO the right ventricle; it is unable to flow back into the Right Atrium. (All valves are designed in such a way that allow the blood to flow in one direction only)

A

I

26
Q

• From the Right Ventricle, the Pulmonary artery is formed from the anterior surface. The Pulmonary artery is guarded by a valve. This is called the “Pulmonary Semilunar valve”. The Pulmonary artery/trunk then divides into the Right and Left Pulmonary arteries.

A

K

27
Q

Ductus anteriosos connects?

Which allows?

A

connects the Pulmonary artery and its branches to the Arch of the Aorta,

which then allow the blood to flow to the rest of the fetus

28
Q

In most cases within 3 weeks of birth the Ductus Arteriosus degenerates and becomes

A

A ligament known as Ligamentum Arteriosum,

29
Q

Ligamentum Arteriosum, which is attached to the

A

Pulmonary trunk and slings the aortic arch

30
Q

In some individuals, this ligament may constrict the Arch of the Aorta in their late teens or early twenties, causing a condition known as

A

Coarctation of the aorta

31
Q

COARCTATION OF THE AORTA, which will make them present with

A

high blood pressure in the UPPER limbs, head and neck region and lower/normal blood pressure in the LOWER limbs, and debilitating headaches).

32
Q

AFTER BIRTH: The blood from the Right and Left Pulmonary arteries then goes to the

A

Respective lungs

33
Q

From the respective lungs it travels to the

A

which then travel to the Left Atrium via the Pulmonary veins (transport oxygenated blood)

34
Q

From the Left Atrium it travels to the

A

Left ventricle

35
Q

From the Left Atrium it travels to the Left Ventricle, which is guarded by a valve with two cuspids called

A

Bicuspid valve

36
Q

Bicuspid valves role in blood flow

A

allows blood flow to flow to the Left Ventricle, but not back to the Left Atrium..

37
Q

The blood in the Left Ventricle is then pumped to the

Through the?

A

Aorta

through the Aortic Semilunar Valve, which pumps it to the rest of the body)

38
Q

Ductus Venosus allows

A

oxygenated blood from the placenta to bypass the liver;

39
Q

Ductus venous connects

A

connects the umbilical vein to the Inferior Vena Cava

40
Q

after birth what becomes shrunken and shriveled and forms the Ligamentum Venosum.

A

Ductus venous

41
Q

Umbilical Artery

What

Where

A

paired artery (one for each side half of the body) that is found in the abdominal and pelvic regions.

42
Q

In the fetus, the umbilical artery extends into the

A

Umbilical cord

43
Q

Purpose of umbilical artery

A

transports Deoxygenated blood from the fetus to the placenta.

44
Q

After birth umbilical artery becomes

A

a branch of the anterior division of the Internal Iliac Artery

45
Q

Umbilical Vein transports

A

transports OXYGENATED blood from the placenta to the growing fetus.

46
Q

Within a week of birth, the infant’s Umbilical Vein is completely obliterated and becomes

A

fibrous cord called the Round Ligament of the Liver.

47
Q

Umbilical vein joins with the Falciform Ligament of the Liver to

A

separate the right and left lobes of the Liver.

48
Q

What is the #1 cause of death in the U.S.

A

Cardiovascular disease

A And P Test 2 (4 decks)

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