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CVS > CVS 1 Haemodynamics > Flashcards

CVS 1 Haemodynamics Flashcards

1
Q

Haemodynamics meaning

A

Physical factors that control blood flow

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2
Q

What is serum?

A

Plasma without clotting factors

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3
Q

What is fluid collected from clotted blood called?
Describe the composition after centrifuging

A

Serum

COMPOSITION
Serum
Clot

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4
Q

What is fluid collected from unclotted blood called?
Describe the composition after centrifuging

A

Plasma

COMPOSITION
Plasma
Buffy coat - WBCS + platelets
RBCS

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5
Q

What can change whole blood viscosity?

A

Polycythemia - increased RBC
Thrombocytopenia- increased platelets
Leukaemia- increased WBCs

Causes sludgey thick blood

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6
Q

What can cause min changes to whole blood viscosity?

A

Acute phase plasma proteins
E.g. fibrinogen, compliment , C reactive protein

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7
Q

What is C reactive protein an indicator of?

A

Inflammation

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8
Q

Flow meaning and units

A

Volume of blood transferred per time unit

mL/min

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9
Q

What does total flow equal?

A

Cardiac output

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10
Q

Pressure meaning and units

A

Force per unit area
mmHg for blood pressure

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11
Q

How are flow and resistance related?

A

Reciprocally

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12
Q

Resistance meaning

A

Measure of difficulty of flow

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13
Q

Types of blood flow

A

Laminar
Turbulent

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14
Q

Describe laminar flow

A

Smooth
Silent
Maintains energy
Typical in most vessels

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15
Q

Describe turbulence flow

A

Disorganised
Noisy
Energy lost

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16
Q

Stenosis meaning

A

Abnormal discrete narrowing of an artery/open area of heart valve

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17
Q

What can be felt and heard in turbulent flow?

A

Thrill can be felt
Bruit can be heard

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18
Q

What is the relationship between radius and velocity?

A

Reciprocally
If radius decreases, velocity increases

19
Q

Where do you get turbulent flow?

A

Changing direction of vessels-branching
Stenosed artiery
Stenotic heart valves

20
Q

What factors impact flow?

A

Diameter- most important
Length of vessel
Viscosity

21
Q

Pulse pressure equation

A

PP= SBP - DBP

22
Q

Mean arterial pressure equation

A

MAP= DBP + (SBP-DBP)/3

same as

MAP= DBP + PP/3

23
Q

Meaning of
PP
SBP
DBP
MAP
CO
SV
HR
TPP

A

Pulse pressure
Systolic blood pressure
Diastolic blood pressure
Mean arterial pressure
Cardiac output
Stroke volume
Heart rate
Total peripheral pressure

24
Q

What happens if MAP is <70mmHg?

A

Organ perfusion becomes imparid

25
Q

Perfusion meaning

A

Passage of blood

26
Q

Cardiac output equation

A

CO= SV x HR

27
Q

Mean arterial pressure equation

A

MAP= CO x TPP

28
Q

What do you listen for when measuring blood pressure?

A

Korotkoff sounds - tapping sound

29
Q

What happens to BP reading if cuff size if too
small?

A

Overestimate

30
Q

What happens to BP reading if cuff size if too big?

A

Underestimate

31
Q

How should patient be sat when measuring BP?

A

Legs uncrossd
Feet on ground

32
Q

Pulse meaning

A

Shock wave that arrives slightly before blood itself

33
Q

Types of rhythm

A

Regular
Regularly irregular
Irregularly irregular

34
Q

Regular rhythm

A

Lub dub sound

35
Q

Regularly irregular rhythm

A

Abnormal beat with a repeated pattern

36
Q

Irregularly irregular

A

Abnormal beat and no pattern
E.g. atrial fibrillation

37
Q

Bradycardia meaing

A

Slow heart rate
<60bpm

38
Q

Tachycardia meaning

A

Fast heart rate
>100bpm

39
Q

Types of pulse character

A

Thready
Bounding pulse

40
Q

Thready pulse meaning

A

Weak pulse
End systolic pressure is lower

41
Q

Bounding pulse meaning

A

Strong pulse
Diastolic pressure is lower

42
Q

Common pulse location

A

Radial
Brachial
Carotid
Femoral
Popliteal
Dorsalis pedis
Posterior tibial

43
Q

Explain taking manual BP

A

1- inflate cuff to ~20mmHg over suspected systolic reassure
2- slowly deflate cuff
3- systolic pressure - when first sound is heard
4- diastolic pressure - when sound disappears

CVS (22 decks)

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