CVRS

Question 1

Blood pressure is a product of Total Peripheral Resistance and:

1. Cardiac Output
2. Stroke Volume
3. Heart Rate
4. Force of Contraction
5. Arteriolar diameter

Answer 1

1. Cardiac Output

Question 2

With exercise, sympathetic NS stimulation increases heart rate and force of contraction by:

1. stimulation of beta one receptors
2. stimulation of alpha one receptors
3. stimulation of beta two receptors
4. stimulation of cholinergic receptors
5. stimulation of the vagus nerve

Answer 2

1. stimulation of beta one receptors

Question 3

The action potential of Cardiac muscle has a long plateau phase which:

1. Is similar to that of skeletal muscle
2. Is due to the outflow of Sodium ions
3. Increases the strength of atrial contraction
4. Permits a sustained contraction (tetany)
5. Is due, in part, to the influx of Calcium ions

Answer 3

5. Is due, in part, to the influx of Calcium ions

Question 4

The structure that pierces the diaphragm most dorsally is:

1. caudal vena cava
2. phrenic nerve
3. oesophagus
4. aorta
5. vagus nerve

Answer 4

4. aorta

Question 5

All blood vessels are lined by:

1. Endothelium
2. Smooth muscle
3. Stratified epithelium
4. Connective tissue
5. Tendon

Answer 5

1. Endothelium

Question 6

Pleura is best described as a:

1. simple squamous epithelium
2. loose connective tissue
3. regular connective tissue
4. simple cuboidal epithelium
5. stratified epithelium

Answer 6

1. simple squamous epithelium

Question 7

he paired cartilages of the larynx are the:

1. arytenoids
2. thyroid
3. cricoid
4. epiglottis
5. glottis

Answer 7

1. arytenoids

Question 8

Aldosterone acts to retain Sodium by reabsorbing it from the:

1. Distal Convoluted Tubule
2. Loop of Henle
3. Proximal Convulted Tubule
4. Glomerulus
5. Bladder

Answer 8

1. Distal Convoluted Tubule

Question 9

Administration of hypertonic fluids to an animal will result in:

1. Rehydration of the ECF compartment
2. Rehydration of the ICF compartment
3. Depletion of body potassium
4. A marked increase in urine output
5. A temporary movement of water into the intravascular compartment

Answer 9

5. A temporary movement of water into the intravascular compartment

Question 10

Shock is characterised by:

1. increased venous pressure
2. increased cardiac output
3. decreased blood flow to tissues
4. increased urine output
5. decreased thirst

Answer 10

3. decreased blood flow to tissues

Question 11

The cardiac output of a horse was measured by a dye dilution method and was found to be 45L/min. The Left ventriculare stroke volume of the horse 1.4mL. What was the animal’s approximate heart rate during this determination.

1. 68 beats/min.
2. 25 beats/min.
3. 33 beats/min.
4. 45 beats/min.
5. 30 beats/min.

Answer 11

1. 68 beats/min.