CVR: Anatomy of the Thorax Flashcards
What is the base of the heart?
Superior surface of the heart (formed mainly of the left atrium).
Where is the sternal angle, and at what vertebral level?
Between the manubrium and the sternal body, at level between 4th & 5th thoracic vertebra.
How does the sternal angle divide the mediastinum?
Above sternal angle = superior mediastinum.
Below sternal angle = inferior mediastinum.
What are the three sets of intercostal muscles?
Which are for inspiration/expiration?
External = for inspiration.
Internal & innermost = for expiration.
Which lung has more lobes, the left or right?
The right; 3 lobes. Left only has 2 lobes.
What is the fossa ovalis?
Depressed structure in between right and left atriums, remnant of foramen ovale.
What are the smooth and rough portions of the atria called?
Smooth = sinus venarum
Rough = trabeculated
What is the crista terminalis?
Vertical ridge of myocardium in the right atrium, separates sinus venarum and trabeculated portions of atrium.
Does the left atrium have a crista terminalis?
No, only the right atrium has a crista terminalis.
In the fibrous skeleton of the heart, which valves are connected, and what is this connection called?
Mitral and aortic valves.
The aorto-mitral continuity.
Where does the coronary sinus drain into?
The right atrium.
Where do the coronary arteries lie in the heart?
Under the pericardium, embedded in fat in grooves in between the chambers of the heart.
What arteries does the left mainstem split into?
Left anterior descending (which splits into septal and diagonal arteries)
Circumflex (which becomes obtuse marginal artery)
In coronary arterial dominance, 80-85% of people are right dominant. What does this mean?
The posterior descending artery (PDA) is supplied by the right coronary artery as opposed to circumflex in left-dominance (or both in co-dominance!).
What divides the anterior, middle, and posterior mediastinum?
The pericardium.
How are the atrioventricular valves prevented from everting into the atria during systole?
Papillary muscles (part of the ventricle) are attached to the valves via chordae tendinae.
Which coronary artery runs in the anterior inter-ventricular groove?
Left Anterior Descending.
What part of the heart does the diagonal coronary artery branch supply?
Left ventricle.
Which groove does the circumflex artery run in?
Left atrioventricular groove.
What part of the heart does the obtuse marginal branches supply?
Posterolateral left ventricular wall
Which groove does the right coronary artery run in?
The right atrioventricular groove.
Which groove does the posterior descending artery run in and where does it supply?
Posterior interventrciular groove.
Supplies inferior septum and left ventricle.
The mitral valve is between the left atrium and left ventricle. How many leaflets/cusps does it have?
Two cusps/leaflets.
What is the mediastinum?
The thoracic cavity excluding the lungs (but includes the trachea).