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Cardio pulm exam 2 > CVP Pharm, RPE, Sternal Precautions > Flashcards

CVP Pharm, RPE, Sternal Precautions Flashcards

1
Q

CV Medication: Antihypertensive Drugs

A

Diuretics
Beta Blockers
ACE Inhibitors
Vasodilators
Calcium Channel Blockers

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2
Q

Diuretics act on:

A

kidneys =

increase sodium and water excretion
increase sodium and water excretion

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3
Q

Indications for diuretics =

A

hypertension
CHF

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4
Q

Diuretics - common types =

A

Lasix, Diuril, Aldactone

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5
Q

Adverse Effects, Rehab Concerns - diuretics =

A

Possible fluid depletion
Electrolyte Imbalance  Na+, K+

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6
Q

Diuretics - what to watch for:

A

Orthostatic hypotension
Weakness, fatigue
Confusion, mood changes

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7
Q

Beta blocker functions =

A

Block effects of epinephrine and norepinephrine

Decrease HR (Epi) and contraction force (norepi)

General decrease in sympathetic response

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8
Q

Indications for beta blockers =

A

hypertension
angina
arrhythmias
heart failure
recovery from MI

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9
Q

Beta blocker - adverse effects, rehab concerns =

A

Bronchoconstriction

Decreased maximal exercise capacity

Orthostatic hypotension

Psychotropic effects = depression, lethargy, decreased libido

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10
Q

Beta blockers - common types =

A

Atenolol, metoprolol, pindolol, propranolol

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11
Q

What do Vasodilators act on?

A

Act directly on vascular smooth muscle to inhibit contraction

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12
Q

Indications for vasodilators =

A

hypertension
CHF

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13
Q

Vasodilators - common types =

A

Apresoline, Loniten

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14
Q

Vasodilators adverse effects =

A

tachycardia
orthostatic hypotension
dizziness
headaches
edema
fluid retention

Avoid systemic heat = true for all vasodilation drugs

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15
Q

Renin-Angiotensin Drugs fo what?

A

renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) = critical regulator of blood volume, electrolyte balance, and systemic vascular resistance

While thebaroreceptorreflex responds short term to decreased arterial pressure, the RAAS is responsible for acute and chronic alterations

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16
Q

Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACE) functions =

A

Inhibit angiotensin converting enzyme

Decrease formation of angiotensin II

Prevent acute vasoconstriction = decease BP

Prevent vascular hypertrophy = decrease long term effect on heart

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17
Q

Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACE) indications =

A

hypertension
CHF

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18
Q

common ACE Inhibitors =

A

Captopril
Enalapril
Fosinopril
Lisinopril

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19
Q

calcium channel blockers function =

A

Limit calcium entry into vascular smoot muscle and cardiac muscle

promote vasodilation

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20
Q

indications for calcium channel blockers =

A

hypertension
angina pectoris
arrhythmias

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21
Q

common calcium channel blockers =

A

Diltiazem, Verapamil, Nifedipine

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22
Q

calcium channel blockers - Adverse effects, Rehab concerns =

A

bilateral LE edema
orthostatic hypotension
abnormal HR
avoid systemic heat

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23
Q

Nitroglycerin function =

A

Dilate peripheral vasculature = venous and arterial dilation causing decreased cardiac preload & afterload = decreased cardiac workload & decreased oxygen demand

24
Q

Nitroglycerin administration =

A

sublingual most common

Onset of action: 1-3 minutes

Duration of action: 30-60 minutes

25
Q

Indications for nitroglycerin =

A

angina

26
Q

Nitroglycerin Adverse effects, rehab concerns =

A

headache, dizziness
orthostatic hypotension
avoid systemic heat

27
Q

Inadequate clotting:

A

hemorrhage

28
Q

Excessive clotting:

A

thrombogenesis

29
Q

Coagulation Meds =

A

Anticoagulants
Anticoagulants
Thrombolytics

30
Q

Anticoagulants - used primarily in venous thrombosis =

A

Heparin
Warfarin

31
Q

Heparin =

A

acts by increasing effects of anti clotting enzymes = rapid effect = administered parenterally (IV)

32
Q

Warfarin (Coumadin) =

A

decrease synthesis of certain clotting factors = oral administration = 3-4 days for peak effect = long-term management

33
Q

Anticoagulants - inhibit platelet activity, decrease platelet clots =

A

Aspirin

34
Q

Aspirin =

A

prevents arterial thrombogenesis in MI, ischemic stroke

35
Q

Thrombolytics =

A

initiate clot breakdown, restores blood flow, prevents/reverse damage during MI, ischemic stroke

Can decrease mortality by 50% if given within 1 hr after symptom onset; may be beneficial if administered within 3-12 hours after onset = must rule out hemorrhage first

36
Q

Anticoagulant Drugs - Primary concern:

A

risk of hemorrhage

Ecchymosis?? - Use caution with manual techniques - bruise/contusion = occurs when blood vessels break and leak blood into the skin or mucous membranes, causing discoloration

37
Q

Hyperlipidemia - Statins =

A

lipitor
lescol
mevacor
livalo

38
Q

Hyperlipidemia - primary effects =

A

Decrease LDL and cholesterol

May increase HDL and lower triglycerides

39
Q

Positive inotropic medication =

A

increase strength of heart muscle contraction

increase stroke volume

increase cardiac output

40
Q

Pulmonary Medication Administration =

A

Oral or injections: not selective

Inhaled: selective

41
Q

Respiratory Medication =

A

Antitussives

42
Q

Antitussives function =

A

Opioids, suppress cough

Codeine, hydrocodone

Often combined with OTC meds

43
Q

Antitussives side effects/rehab concerns =

A

sedation, dizziness, GI upset

Rehab Concerns: overuse, dependence, ineffective

44
Q

Antihistamines function =

A

Block H1 receptors = decrease effects of histamine on upper respiratory tract

Used to treat coughing, sneezing, irritation

45
Q

Antihistamines side effects/rehab concerns =

A

Side Effects: sedation, fatigue, incoordination, blurred vision

Rehab Concerns: sedative effects, dry-out respiratory tract, ineffective

46
Q

Decongestant functions =

A

Administered locally when possible

Vasoconstrict nasal mucosa

Systemic administration = side effects

47
Q

Decongestant side effects/rehab concerns =

A

Side Effects: headache, nausea, nervousness, CV stimulation

Rehab Concerns: dependence, overuse, abuse, cardiac palpitations, increase BP

48
Q

Mucolytics:

A

breaks up & decreases viscosity of mucus; easier to mobilize secretions

49
Q

Expectorants:

A

increase production of a thinner mucus; enhance effects of mucolytics

50
Q

Mucolytics & Expectorants side effects/rehab concerns =

A

Side Effects: may have nausea, vomiting, irritation; usually well tolerated

Rehab Concerns: no major concerns

Beneficial during postural drainage, vibration, percussion

51
Q

Bronchodilators function =

A

Stimulate beta-2 receptors on airway smooth muscle = smooth muscle relaxation = bronchodilation

Epinephrine, isoproterenol, albuterol, metaproterenol

52
Q

Bronchodilators side effects/rehab concerns =

A

Side Effects: brochial irritation, cardiac stimulation

Rehab Concerns: use before postural drainage

53
Q

Glucocorticoids function =

A

Powerful anti-inflammatory steroids

Systemic: increased number of side effects

Inhaled: more specific, decreased side effects

54
Q

Glucocorticoids side effects =

A

Side Effects: catabolic effects  muscle wasting, osteoporosis

55
Q

Rating of perceived exertion (RPE) =

A

Borg’s = 6-11 ( very, very light to fairly light)
Modified borg = 0-3 (at rest to modified)

Borg’s = 12-15 ( somewhat hard to hard)
Modified borg = 4-6 (somewhat hard to hard)

Borg’s = 16-20 (very hard to very, very hard)
Modified borg = 7-10 (very hard to very, very hard)

56
Q

Sternal Precautions =

A

Heavy lifting is contraindicated during the first 8 weeks per bone and tissue healing time

Cardio pulm exam 2 (8 decks)

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