CVD Flashcards
A QRisk2 score of what indicates lifestyle advice and a further risk assessment in 5 years is needed?
<10%
Healthy lifestyle advice can be broken down into:
Cardioprotective diet Physical activity Weight management Alcohol reduction Smoking cessation
Total fat intake should be ___ or less of total energy intake.
Total fat intake should be 30% or less of total energy intake
Saturated fat intake should be ___ or less of total energy intake
Saturated fat intake should be 7% or less of total energy intake
Dietary cholesterol intake should be less than _______
Dietary cholesterol intake should be less than 300mg/day
Salt intake should be less than ___ per day
Salt intake should be less than 6g per day
A healthy BMI is ____
<25kg/m2
Low risk consumption level of alcohol is a maximum of __ units per week for both men and women. If as much as this is consumed, this should be spread evenly over 3 days or more.
Low risk consumption level is a maximum of 14 units per week for both men and women. If as much as this is consumed, this should be spread evenly over 3 days or more. Advise people not to exceed this level.
A QRisk2 score of what indicates pharmacological therapy should be considered in conjunction with lifestyle advice?
> 10%.
A pint of regular strength beer contains __ units
a pint of regular strength beer contains 2.3 units
A small glass of wine contains __units
a small glass of wine contains 1.5 units
What is the AAA approach?
Smoking cessation NICE PH10.
Ask and record smoking status.
Advise they stop.
Act on patient response.
1st line pharmacological treatment for prevention of CVD is:
atorvastatin 20mg titrate up to 80mg in order to achieve target non-HDL.
2nd line pharmacological treatment for prevention of CVD is:
Simvastatin 40mg or Pravastatin
Max of 1st line treatment for prevention of CVD is:
atorvastatin 20mg titrate up to 80mg in order to achieve target non-HDL.
Patients receiving lipid lowering therapy should aim for:
> 40% reduction for non-HDL.
[1], [2] and [3] are no longer recommended for the prevention of cardiovascular disease
- Fibrates
- Nicotinic acid
- Omega-3 fatty acid
Before initiating treatment with statins, what must be done? [8]
Measure: BP BMI HbA1c Renal function/eGFR LFTs Thyroid stimulating hormone tests Full lipid profile Baseline CK if pre-existing muscle pain.
After initiation of statin treatment, a review should be scheduled for:
1-3 months later.
A statin treatment review should include:
- Measure LFT, TC, non-HDL levels
2. If >40% reduction not achieved discuss why
At a statin treatment review why would CK levels be checked?
If patient complains of muscle pain, weakness or cramps.
CK levels of ____ will result in discontinuation of statins.
> 5x the upper limit of normal.
Why would measuring the baseline CK levels before initiating statins be needed?
If pre-existing muscle pain is present.
ALT or AST levels of ____ will lead to discontinuation of statin treatment.
> 3x upper limit of normal.
An increase in blood glucose levels or HbA1c levels will have what impact on statin treatment?
No effect.
Once statin patients are stable, how often should medication reviews occur?
Yearly.
Sufficient NRT to last how long after the agreed stop date should be provided?
Two weeks after the target stop date.
Triglyceride levels of >what need referral?
> 10mmol/litre triglyceride levels.
Tc of more than what = referral?
9.0mmol/litre
non-HDL levels of >what = referral?
7.5mmol/litre
