CVD

Question 1

4 TYPES OF artheroslerotic disease

Answer 1

coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease (stroke tia), PAD, aortic disease (where aorta splits= aneurysm)

Question 2

modifiable risks

Answer 2

HTN DIABETES DYSLIPIDAEMIA, EXERCISE, DIET , OBESE, ALCOHOLIC , DEPRESSION

Question 3

non modifiable risk

Answer 3

men, 50+, family history , south asian/afro-carribean

Question 4

qrisk score

Answer 4

used in England predict of heart attack stroke next 10 yrs >10%= primary prev takes into account age BMI, smoke status, or chronic condition, medication i.e atypical antipsychotic

Question 5

who needs primary prevention

Answer 5

in T1 DM, t2 only If >10%, risks = ckd egfr <60 albuminuria, FH, or 85+

Question 6

secondary prevention used in

Answer 6

established cvd (CHD,MI,ANGINa, cerebrovascular disease, PAD)

Question 7

what is hyperlipidaemia

Answer 7

high blood levels of cholesterol triglycerides or both, high long term can cause CVD

Question 8

drugs cause hyperlipidamia

Answer 8

atypical antipsychotics, immunosuppressant , corticosteroid , antiretrovirals

Question 9

conditions cause hyperlipidameia

Answer 9

hypothyroid, dm , ckd or liver failure , FH , lifestyle

Question 10

what are HDL, LDL,NON-HDL,TG

Answer 10

ldl = bad cholesterol takes cholesterol to arteries and nonHDL bad,
tg= body fat lipid in humans
HDL= takes cholesterol to liver to remove good

Question 11

normal lipid profile

Answer 11

5 or less (total cholesterol)
4 OR LESS- non HDL = bad
3 or less= LDL
2.3 or less - tg or less
1or more HDL = good

Question 12

Lipid regulating drugs

Answer 12

1) statins
2) ezetimibe statin adjunct or alternative
2)fibrate i.e bezafibrate, gemfibrozil - decrease TG
3) bile acid sequestering i.e coleveselam or colestyramine- specialist interferes with absorption of fat soluble its ie ADEK take 1hr before food or in case of coleveselam 4hrs before or after
4) NICOTNIC ACID = omega 3 fatty acid, nicotinic acid