CVAs Flashcards
(21 cards)
what are the different types of strokes?
ischemic and hemorrhagic
what is the most common stroke?
ischemic
what is the patho process of an ischemic stroke?
cerebrovascular obstruction by thrombosis or emboli
how are ischemic strokes classified?
classified by mechanism (where it hits in brain) and frequency (how often it happens)
what are the 4 types of ischemic stroke?
TIA stroke, thrombotic stroke (most common), lacunar infarct, embolic strokes
what is a TIA?
mini stroke, symptoms usually resolve within 24 hours, stroke cannot be seen on a scan and indicates someone at very high risk for stroke
what is a lacunar infarct?
small infarcts, stroke leaves hole at impacted area, looks like a cavity
what is an embolic stroke?
multiple infarcts, multiple clots in brain - caused by arterial regurgitation
how are ischemic strokes linked to MIs?
ischemic strokes can happen as a complication of an MI; patho of the two processes is somewhat similar - both caused by clot of some sort; result of atherosclerosis in any artery
what are manifestations of an ischemic stroke?
symptoms depend on part of brain impacted; symptoms have a sudden onset, focal and are one-sided
how does an ischemic stroke physically manifest?
contralateral weakness; dysarthria (slow, slurred speech); aphasia (loss of ability to speak or understand); dysphagia (swallowing difficulties); hemineglect (unresponsive to stimuli) hemi-inattention (failure to respond to stimulation)
what is the patho process of a hemorrhagic stroke?
it is due to a spontaneous rupture of a cerebral vessel
what are the two types?
aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage and arteriovenous malformations
what is an aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage?
most commonly caused by head trauma, if not it is usually d/t an aneurysm; asymptomatic until the vessel actually recovers; diagnosed w CT
what is an arteriovenous malformation?
blood goes from high pressure system to low pressure system; blood is diverted from the surrounding tissue; causes blood to accumulate deep within the brain; diagnosed w angiography
what is a hemorrhagic strokes link to MIs?
result of atherosclerosis in intracerebral vessels; happens as a result of ischemia, when blood flow to the brain is blocked
what are unique manifestations of a hemorrhagic stroke?
very sudden onset of severe headache; total or limited loss of consciousness; dyslexia; more manifestations depend on what vessel was impacted
what are shared manifestations of hemorrhagic and ischemic strokes?
aphasia; dysphagia; impaired motor and sensory functions; contralateral effects
what are modifiable shared risk factors?
diet, exercise, stop smoking, high cholesterol, high blood pressure, drug abuse
what non-modifiable shared risk factors?
family history, TIA history, African American race, male gender
what is the key difference in manifestations of ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes?
hemorrhagic strokes will cause a severe headache
