CVAs

Question 1

what are the different types of strokes?

Answer 1

ischemic and hemorrhagic

Question 2

what is the most common stroke?

Answer 2

ischemic

Question 3

what is the patho process of an ischemic stroke?

Answer 3

cerebrovascular obstruction by thrombosis or emboli

Question 4

how are ischemic strokes classified?

Answer 4

classified by mechanism (where it hits in brain) and frequency (how often it happens)

Question 5

what are the 4 types of ischemic stroke?

Answer 5

TIA stroke, thrombotic stroke (most common), lacunar infarct, embolic strokes

Question 6

what is a TIA?

Answer 6

mini stroke, symptoms usually resolve within 24 hours, stroke cannot be seen on a scan and indicates someone at very high risk for stroke

Question 7

what is a lacunar infarct?

Answer 7

small infarcts, stroke leaves hole at impacted area, looks like a cavity

Question 8

what is an embolic stroke?

Answer 8

multiple infarcts, multiple clots in brain - caused by arterial regurgitation

Question 9

how are ischemic strokes linked to MIs?

Answer 9

ischemic strokes can happen as a complication of an MI; patho of the two processes is somewhat similar - both caused by clot of some sort; result of atherosclerosis in any artery

Question 10

what are manifestations of an ischemic stroke?

Answer 10

symptoms depend on part of brain impacted; symptoms have a sudden onset, focal and are one-sided

Question 11

how does an ischemic stroke physically manifest?

Answer 11

contralateral weakness; dysarthria (slow, slurred speech); aphasia (loss of ability to speak or understand); dysphagia (swallowing difficulties); hemineglect (unresponsive to stimuli) hemi-inattention (failure to respond to stimulation)

Question 12

what is the patho process of a hemorrhagic stroke?

Answer 12

it is due to a spontaneous rupture of a cerebral vessel

Question 13

what are the two types?

Answer 13

aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage and arteriovenous malformations

Question 14

what is an aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage?

Answer 14

most commonly caused by head trauma, if not it is usually d/t an aneurysm; asymptomatic until the vessel actually recovers; diagnosed w CT

Question 15

what is an arteriovenous malformation?

Answer 15

blood goes from high pressure system to low pressure system; blood is diverted from the surrounding tissue; causes blood to accumulate deep within the brain; diagnosed w angiography

Question 16

what is a hemorrhagic strokes link to MIs?

Answer 16

result of atherosclerosis in intracerebral vessels; happens as a result of ischemia, when blood flow to the brain is blocked

Question 17

what are unique manifestations of a hemorrhagic stroke?

Answer 17

very sudden onset of severe headache; total or limited loss of consciousness; dyslexia; more manifestations depend on what vessel was impacted

Question 18

what are shared manifestations of hemorrhagic and ischemic strokes?

Answer 18

aphasia; dysphagia; impaired motor and sensory functions; contralateral effects

Question 19

what are modifiable shared risk factors?

Answer 19

diet, exercise, stop smoking, high cholesterol, high blood pressure, drug abuse

Question 20

what non-modifiable shared risk factors?

Answer 20

family history, TIA history, African American race, male gender

Question 21

what is the key difference in manifestations of ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes?

Answer 21

hemorrhagic strokes will cause a severe headache