CV system

Question 1

Health

Answer 1

A state of complete physical, emotional and social wellbeing, and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity

Question 2

Fitness

Answer 2

The ability to meet the demands of the environment.

Question 3

Stroke Volume

Answer 3

The volume of blood pumped out by the heart ventricles in each contraction

Question 4

Venous Return

Answer 4

The flow of blood back to the heart, via the veins and specifically the vena cava

Question 5

Starling’s Law

Answer 5

• Stroke volume increases in response to
• increase in venous return,
  -results in increased diastolic filling of the heart
  -causes the cardiac Muscle/Wall to be stretched

Question 6

Cardiac conduction system

Answer 6

Sinoatrial Node (SAN)
Atrioventricular Node (AVN)
Atrial Contraction
Bundle of His
Purkinje Fibres
Ventricular Contraction

Question 7

AVO2-Diff

Answer 7

The difference in the volume of oxygen between the arteries and veins.

Question 8

Cardiovascular drift

Answer 8

-Occurs during steady state exercise/exercising for longer than 10
minutes
-Due to a decrease in fluid in the plasma/blood viscosity
-Which leads to a decrease in venous return
-Therefore there is a decrease in stroke volume and heart rate must
rise to ensure cardiac output remains the same

Question 9

Oxyhemoglobin disassociation curve

Answer 9

• The dissociation curve shows how much oxygen separates from haemoglobin
• The dissociation curve shows the difference in partial pressure at the site of the
  muscles and then lungs

Question 10

Bohr shift

Answer 10

• The Bohr shift will occur whereby the curve shifts to the right
• This shows a lower level of saturation of oxygen in the blood at the site of the muscle tissue.
• This is because more oxygen has diffused into the muscle tissue to
  cope with the demands of exercise

Question 11

Why do the changes to the dissociation curve occur during exercise

Answer 11

• increase in blood temperature
• increase in the partial pressure of C02 in the muscle tissue.
• This leads to a greater concentration gradient
• more oxygen separates from haemoglobin in order to get rid of the oxygen debt
• decrease in the PH of the blood/increase in blood acidity

Question 12

Chemoreceptors

Answer 12

The chemoreceptors detect a change in blood acidity/lactic acid/C02

Question 13

Baroreceptors

Answer 13

The baroreceptors detect a change in blood pressure

Question 14

Proprioreceptors

Answer 14

The proprioceptors detect a change in muscle movement

Question 15

Where do the chemoreceptors and proprioceptors send their signal

Answer 15

Medulla Oblongata

Question 16

Two functions of the fast component of Excess Post-
Exercise Oxygen Consumption (EPOC)

Answer 16

Restore phosphocreatine (PC) and resaturate myoglobin with
oxygen