CV revision qs Flashcards
Which of the following types of shock would you NOT expect cold peripheries?
a. Cardiogenic shock
b. Haemorrhagic shock
c. Anaphylactic shock
d. Septic shock
e. Neurogenic shock
c. Anaphylactic shock
In which of the following valvular conditions would you expect to see a displaced apex beat?
a. Mitral valve prolapse
b. Aortic stenosis
c. Mitral stenosis
d. Aortic regurgitation
e. Mitral regurgitation
d. Aortic regurgitation
A patient has a structural defect in their heart. There are no shunts associated with this defect, and the patient is acyanotic. What could the condition be?
a. Tetralogy of Fallot
b. VSD
c. Pulmonary atresia
d. Aortic coarctation
e. Patent ductus arteriosus
d. Aortic coarctation
Which of the following is not a cause of pericarditis?
a. Post myocardial infarction
b. Hyperthyroidism
c. Tuberculosis
d. Coxsackie B virus
e. SLE
b. Hyperthyroidism
Complete the following pathway: coronary artery atheroma –> thrombosis –> MI —> _________ —> ventricular thrombosis —> systemic arterial embolism —> __________
a. Ventricular aneurysm and cerebral infarction
b. Ventricular aneurysm and pulmonary embolism
c. Cardiac tamponade and cerebral infarction
d. Mitral regurgitation and pleural effusion
e. Mitral stenosis and cerebral infarction
a. Ventricular aneurysm and cerebral infarction
Brain natriuretic peptide is used as an important clinical marker in diagnosing which cardiovascular disease?
a. Atrial fibrillation
b. Primary hypertension
c. Restrictive cardiomyopathy
d. Pericarditis
e. Heart failure
e. Heart failure
Which of the following is not a common cause of hypertension?
a. Caucasian race
b. The oral contraceptive pill
c. SLE
d. Conn’s syndrome
e. Type 1 diabetes
a. Caucasian race
The dihydropyridines are which class of antiarrhythmic drug?
a. Type I
b. Type II
c. Type III
d. Type IV
e. Type V
d. Type IV
Heart block of any kind is classed as which type of arrhythmia?
a. Bradycardia
b. Sinus bradycardia
c. Ventricular tachycardia
d. Supra-ventricular tachycardia
e. An aberrant pathway
a. Bradycardia
Which of the following complications is not due to atrial fibrillation?
a. Cerebral infarction
b. Myocardial infarction
c. Peripheral vascular disease
d. Dilated cardiomyopathy
e. Restrictive cardiomyopathy
e. Restrictive cardiomyopathy
This question is about beta blockers.
a. Outline their mechanism of action (2 points)
b. Name and give examples of 2 different classes.
c. What are three conditions that they may be used in?
d. Name a beta-blocker that also has additional Class I action.
a. Act as antagonists of beta-adrenergic receptors in the body. They also decrease the sympathetic nervous system if the drug can cross the BBB.
b. Non-selective: propranolol. Selective: atenolol for ß1
c. Heart failure, arrhythmias, cardiomyopathies, hyperthyroidism, etc.
d. propanolol
A 23-year- old female presents to A&E with exertional dyspnoea and a pleural effusion. You illicit from taking a history that she is an intravenous drug user.
a. Which cardiovascular condition are you worried about in this patient?
b. What would you give to treat her condition?
c. Name two organisms that could be responsible for her condition.
d. What are three other clinical features this patient could have?
a. Infective endocarditis.
b. Intravenous antibiotics for six weeks (gentamicin and flucloxacillin/benzylpenicillin)
c. Streptococcus viridians and staphylococcus aureus.
d. Janeway lesions, Osler’s nodes, clubbing, Roth spots, etc.
FROM JANE:
Fever Roth's spots Osler's nodes Murmur Janeway lesions Anemia Nail hemorrhage Emboli
A 78-year- old man presents to A&E with chest pain that radiates to his neck and left arm. After taking a history, you discover that he has smoked 30 cigarettes a day for 40 years, and that he has struggled with alcoholism for many years.
a. What are three other risk factors, besides smoking and alcohol that could predispose this man to MI?
b. Name four components of an atherosclerotic plaque.
c. What would the first line of management be for this man?
a. Diabetes, FH, hypertension, etc.
b. Macrophages, fibrin, smooth muscle, T lymphocytes, lipids, etc.
c. IV access, GTN sublingual, morphine i.v with antiemetic, oxygen, aspirin, clopidogrel. ECG, FBC would also have been acceptable.
A 32-year- old man is brought into A&E with an abdominal stab wound. His condition quickly deteriorates, and he soon goes into shock.
a. What is shock?
b. What 3 features could be associated with this man’s shock?
c. You discover that the man has a small ventral septal defect. What
a. Shock is acritical condition that is brought on by a sudden drop in blood flow through the body. The circulatory system fails to maintain adequate blood flow, sharply curtailing the delivery of oxygen and nutrients to vital organs.
b. Cold peripheries, tachycardia, tachypnoea, low BP, etc.
c. A myocardial infraction resulting from a coronary artery embolism.
