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Pharmacology > CV-Renal Drugs > Flashcards

CV-Renal Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Doxazosin (Cardura)

A

Selective a1-blocker resulting in decreased arterial tone.
Secondarily, blood pressure would drop.

Tx:
Hypertension

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2
Q

Clonidine (Catapres)

A

a2-receptor agonist which acts to reduce sympathetic tone to peripheral structures, resulting in decreased PVR & HR.
Also acts to reduce Renin activity Thereby further lowering PVR and reducing SV (and thus CO).

Tx: Hypertension

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3
Q

Dobutamine

A

a-receptor agonist which increases cellular cAMP levels in the heart resulting in Positive Inotropic Effects (increased Cardiac contractility & output).

Tx: Heart Failure

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4
Q

Metoprolol (Lopressor)

A

Selective B1-receptor inhibitor which reduces;
Cardiac contractility & HR-> Decreased Cardiac Output
Renin Release -> Reduced PVR & CO

Tx: Angina, Arrhythmias, & HTN

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5
Q

Atenolol (Tenormin)

A

Selective B1-receptor inhibitor which reduces;
Cardiac contractility & HR-> Decreased Cardiac Output
Renin Release -> Reduced PVR & CO

Tx: Angina & HTN

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6
Q

Carvedilol (Coreg)

A

Non selective B-receptor inhibitor which decreases HR & plasma renin activity

Tx: Heart failure & HTN

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7
Q

Nitroglycerin

A

Vasodilator
Converted to NO Intracellularly which activates Guanylyl cyclase, causing and increase in i[cGMP] which causes depohosphorylation of MLC and promoting relaxation of vascular smooth muscle and vasodilation.

Tx: Angina, OCAD

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8
Q

Amyl Nitrate

A

Vasodilator
Converted to NO Intracellularly which activates Guanylyl cyclase, causing and increase in i[cGMP] which causes depohosphorylation of MLC and promoting relaxation of vascular smooth muscle and vasodilation.
Vasodilation leads to decreased preload & increased blood flow to the myocardium

Tx: Angina

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9
Q

Hydralazine

A

Vasodilator
Promotes arteriole smooth m. relaxation & Vasodilation

Tx: Hypertension

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10
Q

Verapamil (Calan)

A

Vasodilator: Calcium Channel Blocker
Blocks voltage calcium channels located primarily in cardiac muscle & vascular smooth muscle, leading to decreased i[Ca2+] and promoting muscle relaxation & dilation of peripheral vasculature.
Also causes a decrease in myocardial contractile force
*Cardiac Suppression

Tx: Antiarrhythmia, HTN, Angina

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11
Q

Diltiazem (Cardizem)

A

Vasodilator: Calcium Channel Blocker
Blocks voltage calcium channels located primarily in cardiac muscle & vascular smooth muscle, leading to decreased i[Ca2+] and promoting muscle relaxation & dilation of peripheral vasculature.
Also causes a decrease in myocardial contractile force
*Cardiac Suppression

Tx: Antiarrhythmia, HTN, Angina

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12
Q

Amiodipine (Norvasc)

A

Vasodilator: Calcium Channel Blocker
Block voltage sensitive calcium channels located primarily in the cardiac muscle & in vascular smooth muscle, causing decreased intracellular Calcium and leading to muscle relaxation
Block Cyclic nucleotide PDE which increases cGMP & decreases Calcium influx
Results in dilation of peripheral arterioles and venules

TX: Hypertension & Angina

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13
Q

Nifedipine (Procardia)

A

Vasodilator: Calcium Channel Blocker
Block voltage sensitive calcium channels located primarily in the cardiac muscle & in vascular smooth muscle, causing decreased intracellular Calcium and leading to muscle relaxation
Block Cyclic nucleotide PDE which increases cGMP & decreases Calcium influx
Results in dilation of peripheral arterioles and venules

TX: Hypertension & Angina

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14
Q

Lisinopril (Prinivil)

A

Angiotensin/Renin Agents: ACE-inhibitor
Inhibit the formation of Angiotensin II from Angiotensin I via ACE
Resulting in:
• Decrease PVR & Blood volume -> CO

Tx: Hypertension & Heart Failure

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15
Q

Enalapril (Vasotec)

A

Angiotensin/Renin Agents: ACE-inhibitor
Inhibit the formation of Angiotensin II from Angiotensin I via ACE
Resulting in:
• Decrease PVR & Blood volume -> CO

Tx: Heart Failure & Hypertension

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16
Q

Losartan (Cozaar)

A

Angiotensin/Renin Agents: Angiotensin Receptor Blocker (ARB)
Blocks Angiotensin II receptors preventing vasoconstriction (& thus promoting vasodilation)

Tx: Hypertension

17
Q

Valsartan (Diovan)

A

Angiotensin/Renin Agents: Angiotensin Receptor Blocker (ARB)
Blocks Angiotensin II receptors preventing vasoconstriction (& thus promoting vasodilation)

Tx: Heart Failure & Hypertension

18
Q

Hydrochlorothiazide

A

Diuretics: Thiazides
Increase urinary & salt excretion by inhibiting Na+ & Cl- Reabsorption in the Distal Tubule (DCT) and causing net excretion of H2O (Diuresis)

Tx: Hypertension & Edema

19
Q

Chlorthalidone (Thalitone)

A

Diuretics: Thiazides
Increase urinary & salt excretion by inhibiting Na+ & Cl- Reabsorption in the Distal Tubule (DCT) and causing net excretion of H2O (Diuresis)

Tx: Hypertension & Edema

20
Q

Furosemide (Lasix)

A

Diuretics: Loop
Inhibition of Na+ & Cl- reabsorption in the TAL (cortical & medullary), resulting in increased NaCl excretion & Diuresis.
Also Promotes Ca2+ excretion*

Tx: Heart Failure associated Edema, HTN

21
Q

Spironolactone (Aldactone)

A

Diuretics: K+ Sparing
Inhibition of aldosterone effects in the CCT, resulting in Na+ excretion, while retaining K+.

Tx: HF, HTN, Hypokalemia, Edema

22
Q

Acetazolamide (Diamox)

A

Diuretics: Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitior
Reversible inhibition of CA results in decreased H+ secretion at the Renal Tubule
*Also decreases Aqueous Humor Secretion

Tx: Edema, Glaucoma

23
Q

Conivaptan (Vaprisol)

A

Diuretics: Vasopressin-Receptor (ADH) Inhibitor
Inhibition of the V2 vasopressin receptor, resulting in excretion of free water

Tx: Hyponatremia

24
Q

Mannitol (Osmitrol)

A

Osmotic Diuretics
Increases osmotic pressure of glomerular filtrate, thus increasing urine output by decreasing fluid & electrolyte reabsorption

Tx: Hypernatremia* & Headache

25
Q

Lidocaine (Xylocaine)

A

Na+ Channel blocker: Class I Anti-Arr
• Inhibit Both inactive & active Na+ channels
• Act preferentially on depolarized arrhythmogenic tissue
• Shorten AP duration

Tx: Anti-Arr

26
Q

Amiodarone (Cordarone)

A 
K+ Channel blockers: Class III Anti-Arr
•	Prolongs AP duration by blocking K+ channels
•	Does not affect conduction velocity
•	Blocks calcium channels
•	Some B-blocker activity
•	Coronary & peripheral vasodilator

Tx: Anti-Arr

27
Q

Digoxin (Lanoxin)

A

Cardiac Glycoside:
• Inhibit Na/K ATPase, leading to increased i[Na+]
• Increased i[Na+] leads to a decrease in activity for the Na/Ca exchanger, resulting in an increased in i[Ca2+]
• Increased i[Ca2+] leads for increased contractile force
• Direct electrical effects on the heart include decrease in AP duration, Ectopic beats, and arrhythmias

Tx: Heart Failure & Anti-Arr

28
Q

Milrinone

A

PDE inhibitor: Vasodilator?
• Inhibition of PDE leads to elevated cAMP
• Selective for Cardiac isoform of PDE
• Results in vasodilation and inotropic effects

Tx: Acute Chronic Heart Failure

Pharmacology (19 decks)

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