ANS-Drugs Flashcards
Bethanechol (Urecholine)
Choline Ester: Direct Acting ACh receptor agonist
Tx: Urinary Retention & Post Op ileus
Pilocarpine (Salagen)
Plant alkaloid ACh-receptor Agonist (Direct Acting)
Tx: Dry mouth & Glaucoma
Pyridostigmine (Mestinon)
Cholinesterase Inhibitor
Indirectly activate ACh receptors by increasing synaptic concentration of ACh.
Possesses both Parasympathomimetic & Somatic NS effects.
Echothiophate (Phsopholine Iodide)
Cholinesterase Inhibitor (Quasi-reversible) Organophosphate compound present in pesticides (not common in medicine) Organophosphate toxicity is treated with atropine & Pralidoxime (a cholinesterase regenerator)
Tx: Ocular Conditions
*Where as Malathion is used to treat pediculosis
Pralidoxime (Protopam)
Cholinesterase Inhibitor
Sildenafil (Viagra)
PDE Type 5 Inhibitor
Inhibit degradation of cGMP by 5-PDE, thus potentiate the vasodilation action of NO in the penis and other tissues.
Tx: Male Erectile Dysfunction
Atropine
Acetylcholine Antagonist: Muscarinic Natural Alkaloid (Belladonna)
Cause:
Relaxation of smooth muscle
Increased HR & Conduction
Inhibit Exocrine gland secretion
Toxicity can cause:
Dryness of the mouth & skin, blurred vision, Tachycardia, palpitations, urinary retention, delirium, and hallucinations
Tx: Bradycardia, Obstructive Lung Diseases, Intestinal spasms, & Overactive urinary Bladder
Used to reduce salivary & respiratory secretions, and produce Mydriasis & cycloplegia
Ipratropium (Atrovent)
Acetylcholine Antagonist: Muscarinic Synthetic Cause: Relaxation of smooth muscle Increased HR & Conduction Inhibit Exocrine gland secretion
Tx: Bradycardia, Obstructive Lung Diseases, Intestinal spasms, & Overactive urinary Bladder
Used to reduce salivary & respiratory secretions, and produce Mydriasis & cycloplegia
Pancuronium (Pavulon)
Acetylcholine Antagonist: Nicotinic Antagonist
Nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent (Curariform drugs) are used to produce muscle relaxation during surgery (i.e. rocuronium & Cisatracurium)
Curariform drugs competitively block nicotinic receptors in skeletal m.
They do not cause muscle fasciculations, & their effects can be reversed by cholinesterase inhibitors*
Succinylcholine (Anectine)
Acetylcholine Antagonist: Nicotinic long-lasting agonist
Depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent with a short duration w/ a short duration of action, which produces muscle fasciculations that are followed by muscle paralysis.
Effects NOT reversed by cholinesterase Inhibitors.
Epinephrine
Catecholamines
Rapidly metabolized, must be administered Parenterally
Tx: Cardiac disorders & types of shock
Norepinephrine
Catecholamines
Rapidly metabolized, must be administered Parenterally
Tx: Cardiac disorders & types of shock
Dopamine
Catecholamines
Also activates D1 receptors, thereby increasing Renal Blood flow
Rapidly metabolized, must be administered Parenterally
Tx: Cardiac disorders & types of shock
Isoproterenol (Isuprel)
Catecholamines
Rapidly metabolized, must be administered Parenterally
Tx: Cardiac disorders & types of shock
Dobutamine
Catecholamines
Rapidly metabolized, must be administered Parenterally
Tx: Cardiac disorders & types of shock
Albuterol (Proventil)
Non-Catecholamines
Activates B2-adrenoceptors, causing bronchodilation
Resistant to COMT metabolism*
Phenylephrine
Non-Catecholamines
Activates a-adrenoceptors, causing vasoconstriction
Resistant to COMT metabolism*
Clonidine (Catapres)
Non-Catecholamines
Resistant to COMT metabolism*
Amphetamine
Sympathomimetics
Cocaine
Sympathomimetics
Phentolamine (Regitine)
Non-selective a-blocker: Competitive
a1 & a2-adrenoceptor antagonists relax smooth m. -> Decrease vascular resistance & thus reduce BP
Tx: Hypertension caused by Pheochromocytoma
*Another: Phenoscybenzamine (non comp blocker)
Doxazosin (Cardura)
Selective a1 blocker:
Tx: Chronic essential (primary) Hypertension & urinary obstruction caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia & other conditions
Tamsulosin (Flomax)
Selective a1a
Tx: Chronic essential (primary) Hypertension & urinary obstruction caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia & other conditions
Propranolol (inderal)
Non-Selective B-blocker
B1 & B2-adrenoceptor antagonists reduce heart rate & cardiac output. resulting in reduced BP
*High degree of membrane-stabilizing activity (local anesthetic activity)
Tx: Prevention of migraine headaches, hypertension, Angina Pectoris, Cardiac Arrhythmias, Glaucoma
Timolol (Timoptic)
Non-Selective B-blocker
B1 & B2-adrenoceptor antagonists reduce heart rate & cardiac output. resulting in reduced BP
Tx: Prevention of migraine headaches, hypertension, Angina Pectoris, Cardiac Arrhythmias, Glaucoma
Metoprolol (Lopressor)
Selective B1-blocker: Acebutolol, atenolol, esmolol, & Metoprolol
Cause less bronchoconstriction than do non-selective B-blockers
Tx: Prevention of migraine headaches, hypertension, Angina Pectoris, Cardiac Arrhythmias, Glaucoma
Carvedilol (Coreg)
a-& B-blocker
B-blockers
Exerts cardioprotective effects that make it useful in the treatment of MI & Heart failure
