ANS-Drugs

Question 1

Bethanechol (Urecholine)

Answer 1

Choline Ester: Direct Acting ACh receptor agonist

Tx: Urinary Retention & Post Op ileus

Question 2

Pilocarpine (Salagen)

Answer 2

Plant alkaloid ACh-receptor Agonist (Direct Acting)

Tx: Dry mouth & Glaucoma

Question 3

Pyridostigmine (Mestinon)

Answer 3

Cholinesterase Inhibitor
Indirectly activate ACh receptors by increasing synaptic concentration of ACh.
Possesses both Parasympathomimetic & Somatic NS effects.

Question 4

Echothiophate (Phsopholine Iodide)

Answer 4

Cholinesterase Inhibitor (Quasi-reversible)
Organophosphate compound present in pesticides (not common in medicine)
Organophosphate toxicity is treated with atropine & Pralidoxime (a cholinesterase regenerator)

Tx: Ocular Conditions
*Where as Malathion is used to treat pediculosis

Question 5

Pralidoxime (Protopam)

Answer 5

Cholinesterase Inhibitor

Question 6

Sildenafil (Viagra)

Answer 6

PDE Type 5 Inhibitor
Inhibit degradation of cGMP by 5-PDE, thus potentiate the vasodilation action of NO in the penis and other tissues.

Tx: Male Erectile Dysfunction

Question 7

Atropine

Answer 7

Acetylcholine Antagonist: Muscarinic Natural Alkaloid (Belladonna)
Cause:
Relaxation of smooth muscle
Increased HR & Conduction
Inhibit Exocrine gland secretion
Toxicity can cause:
Dryness of the mouth & skin, blurred vision, Tachycardia, palpitations, urinary retention, delirium, and hallucinations

Tx: Bradycardia, Obstructive Lung Diseases, Intestinal spasms, & Overactive urinary Bladder
Used to reduce salivary & respiratory secretions, and produce Mydriasis & cycloplegia

Question 8

Ipratropium (Atrovent)

Answer 8

Acetylcholine Antagonist: Muscarinic Synthetic
Cause:
 Relaxation of smooth muscle
 Increased HR & Conduction
 Inhibit Exocrine gland secretion

Tx: Bradycardia, Obstructive Lung Diseases, Intestinal spasms, & Overactive urinary Bladder
Used to reduce salivary & respiratory secretions, and produce Mydriasis & cycloplegia

Question 9

Pancuronium (Pavulon)

Answer 9

Acetylcholine Antagonist: Nicotinic Antagonist
Nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent (Curariform drugs) are used to produce muscle relaxation during surgery (i.e. rocuronium & Cisatracurium)
Curariform drugs competitively block nicotinic receptors in skeletal m.
They do not cause muscle fasciculations, & their effects can be reversed by cholinesterase inhibitors*

Question 10

Succinylcholine (Anectine)

Answer 10

Acetylcholine Antagonist: Nicotinic long-lasting agonist
Depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent with a short duration w/ a short duration of action, which produces muscle fasciculations that are followed by muscle paralysis.
Effects NOT reversed by cholinesterase Inhibitors.

Question 11

Epinephrine

Answer 11

Catecholamines
Rapidly metabolized, must be administered Parenterally

Tx: Cardiac disorders & types of shock

Question 12

Norepinephrine

Answer 12

Catecholamines

Rapidly metabolized, must be administered Parenterally

Tx: Cardiac disorders & types of shock

Question 13

Dopamine

Answer 13

Catecholamines

Also activates D1 receptors, thereby increasing Renal Blood flow
Rapidly metabolized, must be administered Parenterally

Tx: Cardiac disorders & types of shock

Question 14

Isoproterenol (Isuprel)

Answer 14

Catecholamines

Rapidly metabolized, must be administered Parenterally

Tx: Cardiac disorders & types of shock

Question 15

Dobutamine

Answer 15

Catecholamines

Rapidly metabolized, must be administered Parenterally

Tx: Cardiac disorders & types of shock

Question 16

Albuterol (Proventil)

Answer 16

Non-Catecholamines

Activates B2-adrenoceptors, causing bronchodilation
Resistant to COMT metabolism*

Question 17

Phenylephrine

Answer 17

Non-Catecholamines
Activates a-adrenoceptors, causing vasoconstriction
Resistant to COMT metabolism*

Question 18

Clonidine (Catapres)

Answer 18

Non-Catecholamines

Resistant to COMT metabolism*

Question 19

Amphetamine

Answer 19

Sympathomimetics

Question 20

Cocaine

Answer 20

Sympathomimetics

Question 21

Phentolamine (Regitine)

Answer 21

Non-selective a-blocker: Competitive
a1 & a2-adrenoceptor antagonists relax smooth m. -> Decrease vascular resistance & thus reduce BP

Tx: Hypertension caused by Pheochromocytoma
*Another: Phenoscybenzamine (non comp blocker)

Question 22

Doxazosin (Cardura)

Answer 22

Selective a1 blocker:

Tx: Chronic essential (primary) Hypertension & urinary obstruction caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia & other conditions

Question 23

Tamsulosin (Flomax)

Answer 23

Selective a1a

Tx: Chronic essential (primary) Hypertension & urinary obstruction caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia & other conditions

Question 24

Propranolol (inderal)

Answer 24

Non-Selective B-blocker
B1 & B2-adrenoceptor antagonists reduce heart rate & cardiac output. resulting in reduced BP
*High degree of membrane-stabilizing activity (local anesthetic activity)

Tx: Prevention of migraine headaches, hypertension, Angina Pectoris, Cardiac Arrhythmias, Glaucoma

Question 25

Timolol (Timoptic)

Answer 25

Non-Selective B-blocker
B1 & B2-adrenoceptor antagonists reduce heart rate & cardiac output. resulting in reduced BP

Tx: Prevention of migraine headaches, hypertension, Angina Pectoris, Cardiac Arrhythmias, Glaucoma

Question 26

Metoprolol (Lopressor)

Answer 26

Selective B1-blocker: Acebutolol, atenolol, esmolol, & Metoprolol
Cause less bronchoconstriction than do non-selective B-blockers

Tx: Prevention of migraine headaches, hypertension, Angina Pectoris, Cardiac Arrhythmias, Glaucoma

Question 27

Carvedilol (Coreg)

Answer 27

a-& B-blocker

B-blockers
Exerts cardioprotective effects that make it useful in the treatment of MI & Heart failure