CV III Flashcards
aortic arch
vagus
carotid sinus
glossopharyngeal n
carotid massage
increased pressure - more firing
-more AV node refractory - decreased HR
peripheral chemoreceptor
low O2
high CO2
low pH
central chemoreceptor
influenced by pH and CO2
not by O2
pulmonary capillary wedge pressure
left atrial pressure
hypoxia in lungs
vasoconstriction
autoregulate blood flow to heart
adenosine, NO, CO2, low O2 - vasodilators
brain autoregulation blood flow
CO2 - pH - vasodilate
blue baby
right to left shunt
early cyanosis
5 Ts
- truncus arteriosus
- transposition
- tricuspid atresia
- tetralogy of fallot
- TAPVR
persistant truncus arteriosus
fail divide pulmonary trunk and aorta
lack aorticopulmonary septum formation
transposition of great vessels
aorta leave RV - anterior
pulmonary trunk leave LV - posterior
separate systemic/pulmonic circulation
need shunt to survive
tricuspid atresia
lack of tricuspid valve
need ASD and VSD for survival
tetralogy of fallot
pulmonic stenosis
overriding aorta
RV hypertrophy
VSD
squatting - improve cyanosis - increased venous return
-R to L shunt
tx surgical correction
boot shaped heart
tetralogy of fallot
total anomalous pulmonary venous return
pulm vein drain to right heart circulation
MC congenital heart defect
VSD
most self resolve
wide fixed split S2
atrial septal defect
often ostium secundum defect
turner syndrome
coarc of aorta
prenatal lithium
ebstein anomaly
infant of diabetic mother
transposition
turner syndrome cadiac
bicuspid aortic valve
coarc aorta
digeorge cardiac
truncus arteriosus
tetralogy of fallot
congenital rubella - cardiac
septal defect
PDA
pulmonary artery stenosis
HTN definition
> 140/90
more in AAs
MC - essential
hypertensive urgency
> 180/120
hypertensive emergency
end organ damage
corneal arcus
lipid in cornea
monckeberg
medial calcific sclerosis
see on Xray
-not obstruction of flow
arteriolosclerosis
small arteries and arterioles
hyaline and hyperplastic
hyaline arteriolosclerosis
HTN and diabetes
hyperplastic arteriolosclerosis
onion skin
-malignant HTN
atherosclerosis
elastic arteries - large and medium sized
endo dysfxn > macro and LDL accumulate > foam cell > fatty streak > smooth m cell migration (PDGF an FGF) > ECM deposition > fibrous plaque
abnominal aortic aneurysm
atherosclerosis
thoracic aortic aneurysm
cystic medial degeneration
HTN, bicuspid valve, CT disease, tertiary syphilis
aortic dissection type A
proximal - ascending aorta
tx - surgery
aortic dissection type B
distal - descending aorta/aortic arch
tx - medical - B blocker
stable angina
atherosclerosis
prinzmetal angina
vasospams
-tobacco, triptans, cocaine
transmural MI
STEMI - ST elevation
subendocardial MI
NSTEMI - ST depression
but still see cardiac biomarkers
sudden cardiac death
lethal arrhythmia
