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CV Quiz > CV > Flashcards

CV Flashcards

1
Q

Pump

A

heart is one component

vascular system - stores E and promotes return to heart

skeletal muscles - promote return of blood to the heart

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2
Q

exchanger

A

vascular system - distributes and collects blood

lungs - exchange CO2 and O2, receive blood from R heart and share thorax w the heart

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3
Q

Extracellular v intracellular water

A

30/45 L intracellular

15/45 extracellular (12 interstitial, 3 in plasma)

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4
Q

which organ receives the most bloodflow from the heart?

A

lung

receives 100% from right heart

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5
Q

how do substances move within an organ?

A

diffusion - moving subsances across a cell membrane

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6
Q

convection

A

moving substances alog w the bloodflow

how to move substances from one organ to another

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7
Q

exchange vessels

A

“Exchange vessels” with slow velocity for diffusion

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8
Q

conduit vessels

A

“Conduit vessels” with rapid velocity for efficient transit time

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9
Q

ventricular systole

A

chamber is max contracted

blood out of outlet valve

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10
Q

ventricular diastole

A

chamber is max relaxed

blood in through inlet valve

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11
Q

P-R interval

A

time between delay

give ventricle and atrim time to fill with blood

atrial contraction and

“AV node” - delay to allow ventricule to fill

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12
Q

Q-T interval

A

contains ventricular contraction

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13
Q

heart pump

A

2 pumps in series - R and L

R - 100% to lungs (pulmonary = low pressure)

L - to body through arteries - most to kidney

flow to each can be independently regulated and shunted - filters (kidney, liver, GI, skin) get most blood

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14
Q

Forward Flow

A

promoted by valves

if dysfunctional - turbulence and E is lost (friction, heat)

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15
Q

Stroke Volume

A

Filled Volume (End Diastole) - Contracted Volume (End Systole)

vol of blood that leaves the heart

forward - how much goes through aortic valve

SV - forward or back through LA - valve disease

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16
Q

cardiac output

A

heart rate x stroke volume

volume/time

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17
Q

Flow

A

= Cardiac output!

change in pressure/resistance

I = V/R

V = pressure gradient, R = resistance

I = volume/time

V=IR

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18
Q

series v parallel resistance

A

series - add resistances (high)

parallel - add inverses of resistance - low

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19
Q

flow in the periphery

A

fixed throughout the system (as a result of changes inr esistance)

vasoconstricion or vasodilation to maintain relatively const flow

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20
Q

pressure in the periphery

A

plummets from aorta to R atrium - result of changing resistance

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21
Q

vascular stiffness

A

aorta stoes energy during systole and releases it during diastole (Windkessel effect)

PE converted into KE

if too stiff - E is dampened (aging, diabetes)

want it to be like a slinky

22
Q

arteries

A

elastin and collagen

thick walls

conduit vessels

23
Q

arterioles

A

thick walls

“resistance vessels” - regulated

more smooth muscle, less elastin

24
Q

capillaries

A

smallest vessels, largest SA

“exchange vessels”

no smooth muscle

25
Q

venules

A

thin walls

“capacitance vessels”

regulated

smooth muscle

26
Q

veins

A

“capacitance vessels” - regulated

smooth muscle, valves

27
Q

flow velocity changes across vascular tree

A

highest in arteries

lowest in capillaries

28
Q

blood volume in vacular tree

A

highest in venules and veins , lowest in arterioles/cap

29
Q

vascular resistance

A

highest in arterioles - shunting blood from one system to another

most regulated

30
Q

poiseuille’s law

A

resistance = 8xlengthxviscosity/radius^4

flow is dep on radius ^4 (most imp!!)

flows toward lowest P and least R

31
Q

MAP

A

= (2xdiastolic + systolic)/3

diastolic is 2x as important as systolic

(what organs see)

also = Cardiac output x SVR (which is resistance to blood flow by all vessels except pulmonary)

32
Q

diastolic BP

A

pressure in the artery at rest

33
Q

systolic BP

A

pressure in the artery during contraction

34
Q

pulse pressure

A

systolic - distolic pressure

35
Q

sympathetic stimulation

A

all portions of heart

norepinephrine

increase heart rate, speed of conductance, force of contraction

36
Q

parasympathetic stimulation

A

SA node, AV node, atrial muscle

mainly Ach

decfease HR, speed of conductance, force of contraction

37
Q

chronotropy

A

heart rate

38
Q

dromotropy

A

speed of conductance

39
Q

inotropy

A

force of contraction

40
Q

arterial baroreceptors

A

in carotid sinus

increase in MAP stretches carotid sinus and leads to increased firing of baroreceptors

increase Parasym and decrease sym to bring BP down if BP is up

pressure sensor

via medulla

41
Q

carotid massage

A

slows heart rate by vagal stimulation

main BP sensor

42
Q

atrial stretch receptors

A

volume! (carotid is pressure)

in RA (near SVC) and LA (near pulmonary veins)

increased atrial volume - singal pituitary gland - decreas ADH and urination increases

increased atrial vol –> increase HR –> increas CO to unload heart

43
Q

decrease intrathoracic P

A

breathe in –> increased venous return –> atrial stretch –> increased atrial baroreceptor activity –> medulla –> decreasd vagul outflow –> increase HR

44
Q

increase intrathoracic pressure

A

breathe out –> diaphragm out –> increased P in throax –> more blood to L heart and less to R heart (bc lungs are like sponge of blood) –> less atrial stretch –> decrease HR

45
Q

valsalva maneuver

A

expiration against a closed glottis

carotid baroreptirs

  1. increased thoracic P forces blood into LA
  2. strain (pathological!) - increased P prefects blood from returning - fall in CO and less distention of all baroreceptors (carotid and aortic)
  3. P release - sudden distention of aorta and pulmonary artery - shift in blood vol to great vessels decreases venous return
  4. equilibration - rapid increase in venous return and increased CO with stretch of baroreceotrs and fall in HR
46
Q

Bezold-Jarisch Reflex

A

low blood volume!

sympathetic followed by parasympathetic

rigorous contraction–> stim L ventricular receptors – decrease R and vasodilation

starts w sym response (increase HR) - ventricular over stim 0 compensatory decreased HR/vascular tone

dehydration - dancing

fasting blood test and fright

47
Q

conduit vessels

A

arteriies

48
Q

resistance vessels

A

arterioles

49
Q

exchange vessels

A

capillaries

50
Q

capacitance vessels

A

venules and veins

51
Q

pulse wave velocity

A

distance/time (measure of vascular stiffness)

52
Q
A

CV Quiz (5 decks)

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