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Dermatology > Cutaneous signs of systemic disease > Flashcards

Cutaneous signs of systemic disease Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

What are cutaenous manifestations of Diabetes?

A
  • Flexural candidiasis
  • Necrobiosis lipodica
  • Acanthosis nicrigans
  • Granuloma annulare
  • Folliculitis
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2
Q

What is the following?

A

Necrobiosis lipodica - area of spreading erythema over the shin which becomes yellowish and atrophic in the centra and may ulcerate

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3
Q

What would you ask about if you saw someone with the following skin lesion?

A

Diabetes - specifically management

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4
Q

What is the following?

A

Granuloma annulare - chronic, non-infectious inflammatory condion approx. 1cm ring-shaped lesion, often on the back of hands

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5
Q

What would you ask about if you saw somoene with the following?

A

Diabetes

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6
Q

What is the following?

A

Acanthosis nigricans

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7
Q

What would you ask about if you saw the following?

A

Diabetes

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8
Q

What is the following?

A

Dermatitis herpatiformis - very itchy/burning blisters on elbows, scalp, shoulders and ankles

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9
Q

What would you want to investigate for if you saw the following?

A

Coeliac disease - Anti-endomysial antibody, Anti-TTG, Endoscopy, Biopsy

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10
Q

What is the following?

A

Erythema nodosum - tender ill-defined subcutaneous nodules e.g. on shins

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11
Q

What might cause the following (lesions are painful/tender)?

A
  • Strep infection
  • Sarcoidosis
  • TB
  • Drugs
  • IBD
  • Chlamydia infection
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12
Q

Who does the following most commonly occur in?

A

Young adults, esp. females

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13
Q

What can the following be associated with symptomatically?

A
  • Arthralgia
  • Malaise
  • Fever
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14
Q

What is the following?

A

Pyoderma gangrenosum - rapidly growing, very painful recurring nodulo-pustular ulcers, with tender red/blue overhanging necrotic edges. It is often preceded by tender pustules

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15
Q

What can cause the following?

A
  • Inflammatory bowel disease
  • Rheumatoid arthritis
  • Myeloma, monoclonal gammopathy, leukaemia, lymphoma
  • Liver disease (e.g. primary biliary cirrhosis)
  • Idiopathic (>20% in some series).
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16
Q

What associated symptoms may be present with the following?

A
  • Pyrexia
  • Malaise
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17
Q

What would you find if you biopsied the following lesion?

A

Intense neutrophilic infiltrate and occasional vasculitis

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18
Q

What are cutaneous manifestions of IBD?

A
  • Erythema nodosum
  • Pyoderma gangrenosum
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19
Q

What can cause the following?

A
  • Diabetes - insulin resistance - early life
  • Malignancy - esp. GI tumours - later life
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20
Q

What is the following?

A

Chronic discoid lupus erythematosus - Inflamed sclay plaques + Scarring + atrophy with telangiectasia often localised to head and neck. Hypopigmentation is common

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21
Q

What are the cutaneous manifestations of SLE?

A
  • Chronic discoid lupus
  • Chillblain
  • Subacute cutaneous LE
  • Acute SLE
  • Vasculitis
  • Alopecia
  • Oral ulcers
  • Palmar erythema
  • Periungal erythema
  • Raynaud’s phenomenon
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22
Q

What can trigger the following?

A

UV exposure

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23
Q

What is the following?

A

Malar rash

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24
Q

What might cause the following?

A
  • SLE
  • Infective endocarditis
  • Mitral stenosis
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25
Q

What is the following?

A

Alopecia

26
Q

What medical conditions are associated with pruritis?

A
  • Iron deficiency anaemia
  • Internal malignancy
  • Diabetes Mellitus
  • Chronic kidney disease
  • Chronic liver disease
  • Thyroid disease
  • HIV infection
  • Polycythaemia rubra vera
27
Q

What is thought to be the mechanism of the experience of itching?

A

Low level stimulation of unmyelinated C-fibres in the skin is associated with the sensation of itch (high stimulation produces pain). Histamine, tachykinins (e.g. substance P) and cytokines (e.g. interleukin-2) may also play a role peripherally in the skin.

28
Q

What is the following?

A

Erythema multiforme - type of hypersensitivity reaction triggered most often by herpes simplex. clinically the lesions can be erythematous, polycyclic, annular or show concentric rings (‘target lesions’). The rash tends to be symmetrical and commonly affects the limbs, especially the hands and feet where palms and soles may be involved.

29
Q

What could cause the following?

A
  • Herpes simplex virus
  • Other viral infections - e.g. Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)
  • Drugs - e.g. sulphonamide, anticonvulsants
  • Mycoplasma infection
  • Autoimmune rheumatic disease - e.g. SLE, polyarteritis nodosa
  • HIV infection
  • Wegener’s granulomatosis
  • Carcinoma, lymphoma.
30
Q

What is the following?

A

Erythema multiforme - mucosal involvement around the mouth - this can lead to necrotic ulcers of the mouth and genitalia, and a conjunctivitis

31
Q

What is meant by the minor form of erythema multiforme?

A

Erythematous well-defined round lesions appear on extensor surfaces of peripheries, palms, and soles and evolve at different stages into pathognomonic target lesions.

32
Q

What are features of major erythema multiforme?

A

Features of minor with associated systemic upset and severe mucosal involvement

33
Q

How long does erythema multiforme take to heal?

A

Up to 4 weeks

34
Q

How would you manage erythema multiforme?

A
  • No treatment required
  • Consider steroids - provides relief but does not accelerate healing
  • Treat cause
  • Consider Aciclovir prophylaxis - if recurrent
35
Q

What are cutaneous features of sarcoidosis?

A
  • Hypopigmented patches
  • Erythema nodosum
  • Yellow-brown firm (periorbital) papules
  • Scarring alopecia
  • Firm subcutaneous nodules
  • Lupus pernio
36
Q

What is the following?

A

Lupus pernio - Chronic sarcoid plaques on nose, ears, lips, and cheeks +/- permanent scarring

37
Q

What is the following?

A

Calcinosis

38
Q

What syndrome is the following seen in?

A

Limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis - CREST syndrome

39
Q

What is the following?

A

Telangiectasia

40
Q

What rheumatological syndrome is the following seen in?

A

CREST syndrome

41
Q

What is the following?

A

Livedo reticularis - Non-blanching vague pink-blue mottling caused by capillary dilatation and stasis in skin venules, like diamond shaped holes in a net, most often on the legs

42
Q

What can cause the following?

A
  • Vaculitis
  • Cholesterol emboli
  • Hyperviscosity states
43
Q

What are cutaneous features of neurofibromatosis type 1?

A
  • Café-au-lait spots
  • Axillary freckling
  • Lisch nodules
  • Neurofibrommas
44
Q

What are cutaneous features of tuberous sclerosis?

A
  • Adenoma sebaceum
  • Periungual fibroma
  • Shagreen patches
  • Ash-leaf hypopigmentation
  • Forehead plaque
  • Café-au-lait patches
45
Q

What is the following?

A

Adenoma sebeceum - reddish papules/fibromas around the nose

46
Q

What is the following?

A

Periungal fibroma - nodules arising from the nail bed

47
Q

What is the following?

A

Shagreen patches - firm, flesh-coloured plaques on the trunk

48
Q

What is the following?

A

Ash-Leaf hypopigmentation - pale macules best seen with UV light

49
Q

What is the following?

A

Cafe-au-lait spots - brown macules, >2.5 cm in diameter and more than five lesions

50
Q

What are causes of the following?

A
  • Neurofibromatosis type 1
  • Tuberous sclerosis
51
Q

What are paraneoplastic skin phenomena?

A
  • Leser-trelat sign
  • Acanthosis nigricans
  • Dermatomyositis
  • Paraneoplastic pemhigus
  • Acquired ichthyosis
  • Hypertrichosis lanuginosa
  • Tripe palms
52
Q

What is the following?

A

Leser-trelat sign - sudden eruption of mutliple seborrheic keratoses seen rarely in association with GI adneocarcinomas and GU cancers

53
Q

What cancers is Leser-Trelat sign most commonly associated with?

A
  • GI adenocarcinomas
  • GU cancers
54
Q

What cancers is acanthosis nigricans most commonly associated with?

A
  • Gastric cancer
  • Lymphoma
55
Q

What is the following?

A

Dermatomyocyitis

56
Q

What cancers is the following associated with?

A
  • Breast
  • Ovary
  • Lung
  • Prostate
  • Colorectal
57
Q

What cancers is paraneoplastic pemphigus seen in?

A

Lymphreticular malignancy

58
Q

What is the following?

A

Acquired Ichthyosis - dry scaly skin seen in lymphoproliferative disorders

59
Q

What is the following?

A

Tripe palms - Ridged velvety lesions on the palms, often in association with acanthosis nigricans

60
Q

What cancers is the following associated with?

A
  • GI adenocarcinoma
  • Lung cancer

Dermatology (13 decks)

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