Curvatures of the column Flashcards

1
Q

What embryonic event causes the direction of the posterior curve of the vertebral column?

A

The embryonic disc will undergo flexion in a cranial to caudal direction

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2
Q

Why is the posterior curve also called the primary curve?

A

It is the first curve to appear embryologically

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3
Q

What are the adult remnants of the primary curve along the vertebral column?

A

The thoracic or dorsal curve and the pelvic or sacrococcygeal curve

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4
Q

What are the names given to curves that form during development to reverse the direction of regions along the vertebral column?

A

Anterior curve, secondary curve, compensatory curve

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5
Q

What are the names of the anterior curves, secondary curves and compensatroy curves?

A

Cervical curve and lumbar curve

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6
Q

What segmental levels form the cervical curve?

A

C2-T1

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7
Q

What segmental levels form the lumbar curve?

A

T12 to L5

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8
Q

What is the earliest time of appearance of the cervical curve?

A

The thrid fetal month

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9
Q

What is the traditional time of appearance of the cervical curve said to be?

A

During the last trimester in utero

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10
Q

What is the time during which the “adult” cervical curve is said to appear?

A

Within the first year after birth

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11
Q

What developmental events are indicated in the formation of the adult cervical curve?

A
  1. Centers for vision and equilibrium will appear in the brain
  2. Musculature attaching the skull, cervical region, and upper thorax together develops
  3. The head is held upright
  4. The intervertebral disc height becomes greater anterior than posterior
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12
Q

At what age will the infant begin to hold the head erect?

A

Between the 3rd and 4th month after birth

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13
Q

What is the name given to the integration of visual and motor pathways associated with holding the head erect?

A

The righting reflex

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14
Q

What is the location for the apex of the cervical curve?

A

Between C4-C5

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15
Q

What is the location for the cervical kyphosis?

A

Between occiput and C1

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16
Q

What is the vertebral relationship between the cervical curve and the cervical enlargement?

A

Cervical curve: C2-T1

Cervical enlargement: C3-T1

17
Q

What is the time of appearance of the lumbar curve?

A

Between 12 and 18 months after birth

18
Q

What infant activities are associated with the development of the lumbar curve?

A

Crawling and walking

19
Q

What developmental events are indicated in the formation of the adult lumbar curve?

A
  1. Crawling will cause the abdomen to put tension on the lumbar region and pulls it forward
  2. Muscle development is promoted to compensate for the swayback of the lumbars
  3. Intervertebral disc height will become greater anterior compared to posterior
  4. Walking will further promote muscle and intervertebral disc development
20
Q

Which sense is a requirement for holding the head erect, standing, sitting, and walking?

A

Vision

21
Q

What is the gender bias associated with lumbar curve convexity?

A

Females have a greater convexity of the lumbar curve

22
Q

What is the vertebral relationship between the lumbar curve and the lumbar enlargement?

A

Lumbar Curve T12-L5

Lumbar enlargement T9-T12

23
Q

What is the formation of the lateral curve often correlated with?

A

Faster development of the muscles on the side of handedness

24
Q

What is the time of appearance of the later curve?

A

The appear after 6 years old

25
Q

Which lateral curves are best developed?

A

Later/ dorsal and lumbar

26
Q

What is the relationship between curve direction and handedness?

A

QA right handed person has a high probability for a right thoracic, left lumbar curve combination

27
Q

What is the incidence of a right thoracic, left lumbar curve combination in the population?

A

80% of the population demonstrates this