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Spinal Anatomy Exam 2 > Atypical Cervical Vertebrae C1 > Flashcards

Atypical Cervical Vertebrae C1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the name of the first cervical vertebra?

A

Atlas

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2
Q

What features are LACKING at C1?

A

Vertebral body, pedicles, a spinous process and the intervetebral disc

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3
Q

What is thought to represent the pedicle at C1?

A

The anterior arch

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4
Q

What muscle attaches to the anterior arch of C1?

A

Longus Colli

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5
Q

What ligaments will attach to the anterior arch of C1?

A

The anteior longitudinal, anteior anlanto-occipital and anteior anlanto-axial ligaments

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6
Q

What is observed on the back of the anterior arch of C1`?

A

The fovea dentis

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7
Q

What is the morphology of the superior articular facet of C1?

A

They are elliptical, closer together in front and often demonstrate an elevation subdividing the facet surface into two separate surfaces

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8
Q

What is the orientation of the superior articular facet of C1?:

A

Backward, medial, downward (BMD)

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9
Q

What is the name of the rounded elevation on the medial aspect of the lateral mass of C1?

A

Tubercle for the transverse atlantal ligament

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10
Q

What muscles attach to the lateral mass of C1?

A

Levator scapula, splenius cervicis, and rectus capitis anterior

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11
Q

What is the distance from the posterior tubercle of the posterior arch to the skin in each gender?

A

Males: about 50 mm
Females: about 37 mm

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12
Q

What attaches to the posterior tubercle of the posterior arch of C1?

A

Rectus capitis posterior minor muscle and ligamentum nuchae

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13
Q

What attaches to the arcuate rim of C1?

A

The posterior atlanto-occipital ligament

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14
Q

Ossification of the free margin of the posterior atlanto-occipital ligament results in which atypical bone classification?

A

Accessory bone

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15
Q

What is the earliest age of development where ossification of the anterior free margin of the posterior atlanto-occipital ligament was observed?

A

About 7 yrs old

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16
Q

What may be formed by ossification of the anterior free margin of the posterior atlanto-occipital ligament?

A

A partial ponticulus posticus or complete ponticulus posticus

17
Q

What other name may be used to identify a ponticulus posticus?

A

Kimmerle’s anomaly

18
Q

What names are given to the opening formed by the ponticulus posticus?

A

Arcuate foramen or retroarticular canal

19
Q

Ponticulus posticus has observed in what ethnic popluations?

A

All ethnic populations studied thus far

20
Q

What is the general range of incidence of ponticulus posticus in the populations studied?

A

1%-41%

21
Q

What is the gender bias now associated with ponticulus posticus?

A

Female

22
Q

What is the location of the “zygapophysis” relative to the atlanto-occipital and atlanto-axial intervertebral foramina?

A

It forms part of the anterior boundary of the intervertebral foramen in both cases

23
Q

What are the osseous parts of the transverse process of C1?

A

Costal element, posterior tubercle, true transverse process

24
Q

What osseous parts of the transverse process are absent at C1?

A

Anterior tubercle and costotransverse bar

25
Q

What muscles attach to the transverse process of C1?

A

Rectus capitis anterior, rectus capitis lateralis, middle scalene, levator scapula, splenius cervicis, obliquus capitis superior, obliquus capitis inferior and intertransversarii muscle

26
Q

What suboccipital muscles are known to have fascial projections attaching to the spinal dura?

A

Rectus capitis posteior minor, rectus capitis posteiror major, obliquus capitis inferior

27
Q

What are the connections between suboccipital muscles and the spinal dura called?

A

Myodural bridges

28
Q

What are the lateral bridges of atlas connected to?

A

The lateral mass and the transverse process of atlas

29
Q

What opening is identified when a complete lateral brdige is formed?

A

The retrotransverse foramen

30
Q

What are the possible contents of the retrotransverse foramen?

A

The vertebral artery, a brance from the suboccipital nerve and veins communicating with the venous sinuses of the neck

31
Q

Which of the ponticles (bridges) of atlas is only observed in humans?

A

Lateral bridges

32
Q

What is observed in the transverse foramen of C1?

A

Vertebral artery, vertebral venous plexus, postganglionic sympathetic motor never fiber

33
Q

What is the gender variation for measurements of the transverse diameter of C1?

A

Males: 78 mm
Females: 72 mm

34
Q

What is the distance from the posterior tubercle of the transverse process of C1 to the skin for each gender?

A

A little over 30 mm for both males and females

35
Q

What joint classifications are observed at C1?

A

Fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis joing, synvoical (diarthrosis) ellipsoidal joint, synovial pivot (diarthrosis trochoid) joint, and synovial plane (diarthrosis arthrodia) joint

36
Q

How many synovial joint survaces are observed at C1?

A

Five

37
Q

What synovial joint surfaces are observed at C1?

A

Two superior articular facets, two inferior articular facets and the fovea dentis

Spinal Anatomy Exam 2 (28 decks)

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