Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Spinal Exam 2 > Curvatures > Flashcards

Curvatures Flashcards

1
Q

Why is the posterior curve also called the primary curve?

A

It is the first curve to appear embryology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the adult remnants of the primary curve along the vertebral column?

A

The thoracic or dorsal curve and the pelvic or sacrococcygeal curve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the names given to curves which from during development to reverse the direction of regions along the vertebral column?

A

Anterior curve, secondary curve, compensatory curve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the names of the anterior curves, secondary curves, and compensatory curves?

A

Cervical curve and lumbar curve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What developmental events are indicated in the formation of the adult cervical curve?

A
  1. Centers for vision and equilibrium will appear in the brain
  2. Musculature attaching the skull, cervical region, and upper thorax together develops
  3. The head is held upright
  4. The intervertebral disc height becomes greater anterior than posterior
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

At what age will the infant begin to hold the head erect?

A

Usually between the third and fourth month after birth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the name given to the integration of visual and motor pathways associated with holding the head erect?

A

The righting reflex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the location for the apex of the cervical curve?

A

Typically between C4 and C5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the location for the cervical kyphosis?

A

Between occiput and C1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the time of appearance of the lumbar curve?

A

Between 12 and 18 months after birth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What infant activities are associated with the development of the lumbar curve?

A

Crawling and walking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What developmental events are indicated in the formation of the adult lumbar curve?

A
  1. Crawling will cause the abdomen to put tension on the lumbar region and pulls it forward
  2. Muscle development is promoted to compensate for the swayback of the lumbars
  3. Intervertebral disc height will become greater anterior compared to posterior
  4. Walking will further promote muscle and intervertebral disc development
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the vertebral relationship between the lumbar curve and the lumbar enlargement?

A

Lumbar curve: T12-L5

Lumbar enlargement: T9-T12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the formation of the lateral curve often correlated with?

A

Faster development of the muscles on the side of handedness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the time of appearance of the lateral curves?

A

They appear after 6 years old

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What names are given to conditions associated with abnormal curves of the vertebral column?

A

Lordosis, Kyphosis, Scoliosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the definition of lordosis?

A

A forward bending condition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the definition of kyphosis?

A

A humpback or hunchback condition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the definition of scoliosis?

A

A warped or crooked condition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What does the use of the term lordotic try to imply?

A

A normal cervical and normal lumbar anterior curve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What does the use of the term kyphotic try to imply?

A

A normal thoracic or dorsal and normal pelvic or sacrcoccygeal posterior curve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What prefixes are used to convert abnormality in curve patterns?

A

Hyper and hypo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the curve classifications for the military neck?

A

A kyphosis or hypolordotic curve

24
Q

What are the curve classifications for humpback or hunchback?

A

A kyphosis or hyperkyphotic curve

25
Q

What are the curve classifications for swayback?

A

A lordosis or hyperlordotic curve

26
Q

What are the classification of scoliosis according to the Scoliosis Research Society?

A

Magnitude, location, direction, etiology, structural scoliosis and non-structual scoliosis

27
Q

What is often used to measure the magnitude of scoliosis?

A

The Cobb Method

28
Q

What does location of scoliosis infer?

A

The location on the vertebral segment forming the apex of the curve deviation

29
Q

What does direction of scoliosis refer to?

A

The side the convexity of the curve will bend toward

30
Q

What does etiology of scoliosis mean?

A

The cause of the scoliosis

31
Q

Based on age of onset, what are the types of idiopathic scoliosis?

A

Infantile, juvenile, and adolescent

32
Q

What is the age range for infantile idiopathic scoliosis?

A

From birth to 3 years old

33
Q

What is the age range for juvenile idiopathic scoliosis?

A

From 3 years old to 10 years old

34
Q

Identify the curve direction, location, gender bias and incidence of infantile idiopathic scoliosis

A

Left thoracic, male, less than 1% incidence

35
Q

What is the age range for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis?

A

Over 10 years old

36
Q

Identify the curve direction, location, gender bias and incidence of juvenile idiopathic scoliosis?

A

Right thoracic, females over 6 years old, 12%-21% incidence

37
Q

Identify the curve direction, location, gender bias and incidence of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis

A

Right thoracic or right thoracic and left lumbar, females, 80% incidence

38
Q

What is the relationship between the curve direction deviation, incidence and curve worsening?

A

The greater the deviation, the lower the incidence, and the more likely to worsen

39
Q

What is/are the characteristic(s) of cervicalization of occiput?

A

An increase in occipital bone size, formation of new or larger lines, on the occipital bone

40
Q

What is/are the characteristic(s) of occipitalization of C1?

A

The atlas may be partially or completely fused in the occiput

41
Q

What is another way of implying occipitalization of C1?

A

Atlas assimilation

42
Q

What is/are the characteristic(s) of dorsalization of C7

A

The addition of a rib and changes in superior articular facet orientation are typical

43
Q

What is the incidence of rib-related changes following dorsalization of C7?

A

From one-half to two and one-half percent of the population

44
Q

What is the gender bias suggested in dorsalization of C7?

A

Female

45
Q

What rib-related changes may accompany cervicalization of T1?

A

The first rib may decrease in mean relative length or become absent

46
Q

What T1 facet orientation changes may accompany cervicalization?

A

The superior articular facet may change from back, upward, and lateral (BUL) to back, upward, and medial (BUM)

The inferior articular facet is unchanged

47
Q

What is the incidence of lumbar ribs in the population?

A

Over 7% of the population demonstrates lunar ribs

48
Q

What L1 facet orientation changes may accompany dorsalization?

A

The superior articular facet may change from concave, back, upward, and medial (BUM) to flat, back, upward, and lateral (BUL)

The inferior articular facet is unchanged

49
Q

What is the gender bias associated with dorsalization of L1?

A

Males are to to three times more affected

50
Q

What T12 facet orientation changes accompany lumbarization of T12?

A

The superior articular facet may change from flat, back, upward, and lateral (BUL) to concave, back, upward and medial (BUM)

The inferior articular facet is unchanged

51
Q

What is characteristic of Lumbarization of S1?

A

The failure of synostosis between S1 and S2, squaring of the vertebral body of S1 and flaring of the sacral ala

52
Q

What articular facet changes accompany the lumbarization of S1?

A

None

53
Q

What is characteristic of sacralization of L5?

A

L5 may be partially or completely fused to the sacrum

54
Q

Which segment demonstrates the greatest morphological variation along the spine?

A

L5

55
Q

What is the incidence of variation within the sacrococcygeal region in the population?

A

Up to 14%

56
Q

What is characteristic of sacralization of Co1?

A

The premature fusion of Co1 to the sacrum

57
Q

What is characteristic of coccygealization of S5?

A

The seperationof S5 from sacrum and its premature fusion to Co1

Spinal Exam 2 (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions