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Spinal Exam 2 > Atypical Cervical Vertebrae- C1 > Flashcards

Atypical Cervical Vertebrae- C1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the name of the first cervical vertebrae?

A

Atlas

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2
Q

What features are lacking at C1?

4

A

Vertebral body
Pedicles
A spinous process
Intervertebral disc

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3
Q

What is thought to represent the pedicle at C1?

A

The Anterior Arch

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4
Q

What muscles attaches to the anterior arch of C1?

1

A

Longus Colli

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5
Q

What ligaments will attach to the anterior arch of C1?

3

A

Anterior longitudinal ligament
Anterior atlanto-occipital ligament
Anterior atlanto-axial ligament

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6
Q

What is observed on the back of the anterior arch of C1?

A

The Fovea Dentis

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7
Q

What joint classifications are observed on the anterior arch of C1?
(2)

A 
Fibrous (Amphiarthrosis) Syndesmosis joint
Synovial Pivot (Diarthrosis Trochoid) joint
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8
Q

What is the morphology of the superior articular facet of C1?

A

They are elliptical
Closer together in the front
Often demonstrate an elevation subdividing the facet surface into two separate surfaces

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9
Q

What is the orientation of the superior articular facet of C1?

A

Backward, upward, and medial (BUM)

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10
Q

What is the joint classification of the atlanto-occipital zygapophysis?

A

Synovial (Diarthrosis) Ellipsoidal joint

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11
Q

What are the morphological characteristic of the inferior articular facet of C1?

A

Asymmetrical, slightly concave, flattened

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12
Q

What is the orientation of the inferior articular facet of C1?

A

Backward, medial, downward (BMD)

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13
Q

What muscles attach to the lateral mass of C1?

3

A

Levator scapula
Splenius cervicis
Rectus capitis anterior

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14
Q

What part of C1 represents the spinous process?

A

Posterior tubercle of the posterior arch

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15
Q

What is the distance from the posterior tubercle of the posterior arch to the skin in each gender?

A

Males: About 50 millimeters
Females: About 37 millimeters

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16
Q

What attaches to the posterior tubercle of the posterior arch of C1?
(2)

A

Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor muscle

Ligamentum Nuchae

17
Q

What superior surface modifications of the posterior arch of C1 are present?
(2)

A

Groove/sulcus for the vertebral artery

Arcuate rim

18
Q

What attaches to the arcuate rim of the C1?

1

A

The posterior atlanto-occipital ligament

19
Q

What are the attachment sites of the posterior atlanto-occipital ligament?
(3)

A

It is attached to:

  • Arcuate rim of the posterior arch of Atlas
  • Superior articular process of the lateral mass of atlas
  • Posterior margin of the foramen magnum of the occipital bone.
20
Q

What is the joint classification of the atlanto-axial zygampophysis?

A

Synovial plane (diarthrosis arthrodia) joint

21
Q

What is the earliest age of development where ossification of the anterior free margin of the posterior atlanto-occipital ligament was observed?

A

About age 7 years old

22
Q

Based on the amount of ossification of the anterior free margin of the posterior atlanto-occipital ligament what structures will from?

A

An incomplete ponticulus posticus or a complete ponticulus posticus

23
Q

What names are given to the opening formed by the ponticulus posticus?
(2)

A

Arcuate Foramen or Retroarticular Canal

24
Q

Ponticulus Posticus has observed in what ethnic populations?

A

All ethnic populations studies thus far

25
Q

What joint classification(s) may be observed on the posterior arch of C1?
(1)

A

Fibrous (Amphiarthrosis) Syndesmosis Joint

26
Q

What are the osseous parts of the transverse process of C1?

3

A

Costal element
Posterior tubercle
True transverse process

27
Q

What osseous parts of the transverse process are absent in C1?

A

Anterior tubercle and costotransverse bar

28
Q

What muscles attach to the transverse process of C1?

8

A 
Rectus capitis anterior
Rectus capitits lateralis
Middle scalene
Levator scapula
Splenius cervicis 
Obliquus capitis superior
Obliquus capitis inferior 
Intertransversarii
29
Q

What sub occipital muscles are known to have facial projections attaching to the spinal dura?
(3)

A

Rectus capitis posterior minor
Rectus capitis posterior major
Obliquus capitis inferior

30
Q

What are the connections between sub occipital muscles and the spinal dura called?

A

Myodural bridges

31
Q

What are the lateral bridges of the atlas connected to?

2

A

The lateral mass and the transverse process of atlas

32
Q

What opening is identified when a complete lateral bridge is formed?

A

The Retrotransverse foramen

33
Q

Which of the ponticles (bridges) of atlas is only observed in humans?

A

Lateral bridges

34
Q

What is the distance from the posterior tubercle of the transverse process of C1 to the skin for each gender?

A

A little over 30 millimeters for both males and females

35
Q

What is the gender variation for measurements of the transverse diameter of C1?

A

Males: 78 millimeters
Females: 72 millimeters

36
Q

What joint classifications are observed at C1?

4

A 
Fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis joint 
Synovial (diarthrosis) ellipsoidal joint 
Synovial pivot (diarthrosis trochoid) joint 
Synovial plane (diathesis arthrodia) joint
37
Q

How many synovial joint surfaces are observed at C1?

A

Five

38
Q

What synovial joint surfaces are observed at C1?

3

A

Two Superior Articular Facets
Two Inferior Articular Facets
Fovea Dentis

Spinal Exam 2 (16 decks)

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