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Grade Nine - Science > Current Electricity > Flashcards

Current Electricity Flashcards

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1
Q

what is an ammeter?

A

A machine that measures current, must be placed in series

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2
Q

what is voltmeter?

A

A machine that measures potential difference/voltage, must be placed in parallel

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3
Q

what is an ohmmeter?

A

A machine that measures resistance, must be placed in parallel

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4
Q

what is a parallel circuit?

A

A circuit in which the loads are connected by branches so that there are more than one path for the electrons to flow

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5
Q

what is a series circuit?

A

A circuit in which the loads are connected end to end so that there is only one path for electrons to flow

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6
Q

what is a load?

A

A device that uses electrical energy by converting it to a different form, (light bulb, heating cell, motor)

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7
Q

what a source?

A

A device that energizes electrons, (cell/battery)

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8
Q

what is current/amps?

A

The number of electrons flowing past a certain point every second, the current is measured in the unit amps.

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9
Q

what is voltage/volts?

A

The difference in the amount of potential energy between 2 points in the circuit, also called the potential difference, measured in volts

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10
Q

what is resistance?

A

The ability of a material to oppose the flow of electric current, measured in ohms

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11
Q

what is electricity?

A

a form of energy produced from a variety of non-renewable and renewable sources

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12
Q

what is a connector?

A

an object that provides a pathway for electrons to flow, (wires)

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13
Q

what is a control device?

A

a device that controls the electric current by turning it on or off, (switch, circuit breaker)

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14
Q

when was electricity invented? by who?

A

in 1831 by Michael Farrady and Joseph Fram

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15
Q

what is a conductor?

A

something that allows electricity to flow through it

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16
Q

what is an insulator?

A

something that doesn’t allow electricity to flow through it

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17
Q

what is a resistor?

A

something that resists the flow of electricity

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18
Q

what does AC stand for?

A

altering current, it is found in motors

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19
Q

what does DC stand for?

A

direct current, it is found in circuits (battery)

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20
Q

what are the two types of circuits?

A

series and parallel

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21
Q

what does a cell consist of?

A

positive and negatives terminals, positive and negative electrodes, and electrolytes

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22
Q

what are the three types of cells?

A

primary cells, secondary cells, fuel cells

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23
Q

what are some characteristics of primary cells?

A

non-rechargeable, disposable, 5-year shelf life

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24
Q

what are some characteristics of secondary cells?

A

rechargeable, disposable, 6 months to one-year shelf life

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25
Q

what are some characteristics of fuel cells?

A

very long lasting, very expensive, less polluting

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26
Q

what is hydroelectric generation?

A

uses the flow of water to turn water turbine blades to generate electricity

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27
Q

what are some pros and cons of hydroelectric generation

A

pros:

  • does not pollute air or water
  • renewable resource
    cons:
  • uses big volume of water
  • disrupts natural flow of water and wildlife
  • expensive
  • hard to find a location
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28
Q

what is tidal generation?

A

uses tidal flow to turn water turbine blades to generate electricity

29
Q

what are some pros and cons of tidal generation?

A 
pros:
- renewable resource
- does not pollute air or water
cons:
- can only be built near coastlines
- needs big tides
30
Q

what is wind generation?

A

uses blowing wind to turn turbines connected to a generator to generate electricity

31
Q

what are some pros and cons of wind generation?

A 
pros:
- cheap, wind is free
- can be added or removed easily
- no pollution
- renewable
cons:
- wind doesn't flow constantly
- noisy
- dangerous to birds
32
Q

what is solar generation?

A

uses solar panels to collect sunlight to generate electricity

33
Q

what are some pros and cons of solar generation?

A 
pros:
- can be installed anywhere it's sunny
- no pollution
- renewable
cons:
- the sun is not always shining
- takes up a lot of space
- only 20% efficient
- expensive
34
Q

what are the different types of thermal generation?

A

fossil fuels, radioactive materials, biomass, geothermal

35
Q

what fossil fuels are used to generate electricity?

A

coal, oil and natural gas

36
Q

what radioactive materials are used to generate electricity?

A

uranium

37
Q

what biomass is used to generate electricity?

A

plant or animal matter

38
Q

what are some pros and cons of fossil fuels?

A 
pros:
- produces a lot of energy
cons:
- non-renewable
- takes a lot of time to form
39
Q

what are some pros and cons of radioactive materials?

A 
pros:
- produces a lot of energy
cons:
- dangerous
- non-renewable
40
Q

what are some pros and cons of biomass?

A 
pros:
- renewable
cons:
- produces CO2
releases methane gas
41
Q

what are some pros and cons of geothermal generation?

A 
pros:
- produces large amounts of energy
cons:
- bad for the environment
- produces CO2
- non-renewable
42
Q

what is efficiency?

A

how well the electrical energy in a device is changed to useful energy by that device, no device is ever 100% efficient

43
Q

what are the four factors that affect efficiency?

A

amount of resistance, distance that current flows, friction, materials used in the circuit

44
Q

what does GRASS stand for?

A 
Given
Required
Analyze
Solve
Statement
45
Q

how do you calculate the percent efficiency?

A

energy output / energy input x 100 = ____%

46
Q

what is the energy input?

A

the amount of energy that goes into an electrical circuit

47
Q

what is the energy output?

A

the amount of electricity that is produced by the appliance

48
Q

energy is always measured in…

A

joules (J) (ex. energy output = 925J, energy input = 1100J)

49
Q

the energy input is always ____ than the energy output?

A

higher

50
Q

how do you calculate the cost of electricity?

A

cost = power (kW) x time (hours) x rate (kW *h)

51
Q

how to do convert watts into kilowatts?

A

watts divided 1000 = kilowatts

52
Q

cost of electricity is always measured in…

A

cents, (ex. 0.03 kW x 7 h x 8.7 cents = 1.827 cents)

53
Q

what are the four factors that affect resistance?

A

type of material, thickness of wire, length of wire, temperature

54
Q

what are some ways to INCREASE resistance?

A
  • connecting more loads in series
  • making conductor longer and thinner
  • using material with high resistance
  • increasing the temp. (summer)
55
Q

what are some ways to DECREASE resistance?

A
  • connecting less loads in series
  • making conductor shorter and thicker
  • using material with low resistance
  • decreasing the temp. (winter)
56
Q

what is Ohm’s law?

A

states that as the potential difference (voltage) increases across a load, the current also increases

57
Q

the current in a SERIES circuit is the ___ across each load

A

same, (i total = i1 = i2 = i3…)

58
Q

the current in a PARALLEL circuit is…

A

split among the # of loads, (i source = i1 + i2 + i3…)

if all loads are the same, they have the same resistance (i load = i source / # of loads)

59
Q

the voltage in a SERIES circuit is…

A

split among the # of loads, (v source = v1 + v2 + v3…)

if all loads are the same then the voltage can be calculated as v load = v source / # of load

60
Q

the voltage in a PARALLEL circuit is the ___ across each load

A

same, (v source = v1 = v2 = v3…)

61
Q

how do you calculate current?

A

i (current) = q (charge) / t (time)

62
Q

how do you calculate voltage?

A

v (voltage) = e (energy) / q (charge)

63
Q

the resistance in a SERIES circuit ___ if more bulbs are added

A

increases, (r total = r1 + r2 + r3…)

64
Q

the resistance in a PARALLEL circuit ___ if more bulbs are added

A

decreases, (1 / r total = 1 / r1 = 1 / r2 = 1 / r3…)

65
Q

what are the characteristics of a series circuit?

A
  • voltage splits
  • current stays the same
  • has more resistance
  • lower current total
  • if one bulb is removed resistance decreases, current increases, voltage stays the same
66
Q

what are the characteristics of a parallel circuit?

A
  • voltage stays the same
  • current splits
  • less resistance
  • largest current total
  • if one bulb is removed resistance increases, current decreases, voltage stays the same
67
Q

what is the symbol for current?

A

I

68
Q

what is the symbol for voltage?

A

V

69
Q

what is the symbol for resistance?

A

Ω

Grade Nine - Science (7 decks)

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