Chemistry Flashcards
Definition of “Matter”
Anything that has mass and volume
Definition of “Mass”
How much something weighs
Definition of “Volume”
A measure of how big an object is or how much space a fluid takes up
Definition of “Physical property”
A characteristic of a substance that can be observed without changing its composition
Definition of “Chemical property”
Describe a substance’s ability to become a new substance
Definition of “Malleable”
Ability to be bent or be hammered into thin sheets
Definition of “Ductile”
Ability to be stretched into a wire without breaking
Definition of “Density”
Amount of mass per unit volume
Definition of “Lustre”
Amount of light reflected (dull or shiny?)
Definition of “Qualitative”
Does NOT need to be measured, eg. scent, colour, taste, odour
Definition of “Quantitative”
Measured with a numerical value
Definition of “Compound”
A pure substance that is made up of two or more different elements that are chemically combined
Definition of “Pure substance”
It is made up of only one type of matter that has a unique set of properties
Definition of “Mechanical mixture”
A combination of pure substances that are NOT chemically combined; each individual substance remains in its original pure form
What did Thompson do?
Discovered the electron - Plum Pudding Model
What did Rutherford do?
Discovered the nucleus - Nuclear Model
What did Bohr do?
Demonstrated that electrons move around the nucleus in fixed orbits - Bohr-Rutherford Model
What did Chadwick do?
Discover the neutron - Planetary Model
What did Dalton do?
Propose that all matter is composed of atoms - Billiard Ball Model
What did Democritus?
Propose that all atoms are different sizes, are always in motion, and are separated by empty spaces - Invisible Particle Model
What did Aristotle do?
Claim that all matter is made from earth, water, air and fire - Earth, Water, Air and Fire Model
What does the atomic number represent?
The number of protons in the nucleus
What does the atomic mass represent?
The average mass of the atoms of that element
What is the “Valence?”
The outermost electron orbit
What is an “Orbit?”
The rings that surround the nucleus
What is an “Alloy?”
A mixture of metals
What does “WHMIS” stand for?
Workplace Hazardous Material Information System
What does “HHPS” stand for?
Hazardous Household Product Symbols
What are the five main points of The Particle Theory?
- S pace between all particles
- T wo different substances have different particles
- A ll particles attract each other
- M otion - all particles are in constant random motion
- P articles - all matter is made up of particles
What is a “Heterogeneous mixture?”
A mixture where components can be easily identified
What is a “Homogeneous mixture?”
A mixture with a uniform composition
What group is the “Alkali Metals?”
Group One
What group is the “Alkaline Earth Metals?’
Group Two
What group are the “Halogens?”
Group Seventeen
What group are the “Noble Gases?”
Group Eighteen
What are the properties of “Alkali Metals?”
- Shiney, grey and soft
- Highly reactive
What are the properties of “Alkaline Earth Metals?”
- Shiney, grey and soft
- Reactive
What are the properties of “Halogens?”
- Noticable colour
- Highly reactive
- Some are toxic
What are the properties of “Noble Gases?”
- Colourless
- Odourless
- Tasteless
- Non reactive
- Non toxic
How are carbon atoms in diamonds positioned?
Regular patterns that are interconnected in three dimensions
How are carbon atoms in graphite positioned?
Sheets of interconnected hexagons
How are carbon atoms in charcoal positioned?
Disorganized, random arrangement of atoms
What is an atomic element?
Atoms are not chemically combined, eg. O, Mg, I, K, Au, Ag, Na, etc.
What is a molecular element?
Two or more atoms of the same element are chemically combined, eg. H2, O2, N2, etc.
What is a molecular compound?
Two or more non-metallic elements are chemically combined, eg. H2O, CH4, CO2, etc.
What is an ionic compound?
A metallic atom and one or more non-metallic atoms are chemically combined, eg. NaCl, CaCO3, etc.
What test is used for hydrogen?
Burning splint
What test is used for water vapour?
Cobalt chloride paper
What test is used for carbon dioxide?
Burning splint
What test is used for oxygen?
Glowing splint
What is the expected result of hydrogen during a gas test?
“Pop” sound
What is the expected result of water vapour during a gas test?
Paper changes colour from blue to pink
What is the expected result of carbon dioxide during a gas test?
Flame is extinguished
What is the expected result of oxygen during a gas test?
Flame ignites
What colour does a flame turn when barium is added?
Light yellow with a hint of green
What colour does a flame turn when calcium is added?
Dark orange
What colour does a flame turn when potassium is added?
Lilac
What colour does a flame turn when copper is added?
Green
What colour does a flame turn when sodium is added?
Yellowish Orange
What colour does a flame turn when strontium is added?
Crimson red
