Curly arrows Flashcards
What is activation energy?
The energy needed to overcome the charge/charge repulsion between molecules
What are the two things that bring molecules together?
Charge/charge attraction between anions and cations and dipoles&dipoles
Orbital overlap
When is there a drop in energy with orbital overlap? What does this drop cause?
When there is inphase overlap
Bonding orbital
The drop helps to bring the molecules together
what else do orbitals control?
The orientation of reactions
What is a nucleophile?
Electron donor
What do nucleophiles have?
Pair of electrons in a filled orbital which is available to donate
What is an electrophile?
Electron acceptor
What do electrophiles have?
Low-lying empty orbital which can be filled by the electrons
Where are electrons transferred to and from in reactions?
From the nucleophile to the electrophile
Which orbital of a nucleophile contains the highest energy electrons?
HOMO
Which orbital of an electrophile is the easiest to transfer electrons to?
LUMO
Which favourable overlap leads to a reaction?
Between the homo of the nucleophile and the LUMO of the electrophile
What do curly arrows show?
Movement of electrons
When are double headed arrows used?
Shows the movement of 2 electrons
Used when a process involves bonds being broken heterolytically
What does heterolytically mean?
Both electrons go in the same direction
