curare Flashcards

1
Q

curare

A

term referring to the various toxic plant mixtures used as arrow poisons by the indigenous tribes of amazonia
prep is done by male elders

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2
Q

a great many plant species were used in these curare preps, although only a few were used by a given tribal group ex.

A
jamamadi ppl:
strychnos solimoesana
curarea toxicofera
guatteria megalophylla 
zanthophyllum spp.
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3
Q

curare prep

A

inner stem bark scrapped away and filtered through a sieve to collect the concentrate which is carefully rolled onto dart tips and allowed to dry

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4
Q

two plant families provide the potent curare poisons and the curare preparations invariable contain vine (liana) species from

A

one or both of these families
genus strychnos
menispermaceae

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5
Q

strychnos

A

s. toxifera and other
in the loganieaceae fam
contain indole alkaloid curarine

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6
Q

menispermaceae

A

chondrodendron and curarea

isoquinoline alkaloid tubocurarine

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7
Q

curarine and tubocurarin

A

powerful muscle relaxers that cant paralyze

must be injected into blood stream (safe to consume)

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8
Q

it initially paralyzes the

A

neck and facial and then the limbs, then to abdominal and respiratory muscles and within 3-5 min the muscles of the diaphragm

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9
Q

ppl proved paralysis is reversible

A

if an artificial respirator is used to keep the patient alive, muscle use is soon regained and a full recovery is made

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10
Q

Richard gill

A

american living in the amazon,
biochem and clinical investigations into the potential of curare as a surgical muscle relaxant
-he was the sole supplier of curare to the pharm company squibb and sons

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11
Q

amazonian ecuador and peru

A

home of achuar ppl

practiced head shrinking

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12
Q

squibb and sons

A

isolated tubocurarine from chondrodendron in 1941

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13
Q

tubocurarine

A
  • effectiveness as a skeletal muscle relaxant during surgery
  • demonstrated by montreal surgeon harold griffith
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14
Q

for surgies plant material collected wildly from amazon

A

mainly two membrs of the menispermaceae: chondrodendron tomentosusm and curarea toxicofera

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15
Q

demand was high so there was a shortage , spurred the developement of

A

safe semi synthetics : toxiferine (trade name alcuronium)

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16
Q

in 1980sā€™

A

natural prods were supplanted by synthetic muscle relaxants , like atracurium and vecuronium
-they are neuromuscular blocking afents that compete with acetylocholine to prevent the development of nerve action potential, resulting in muscle relaxation and paralysis