Cumulative Flashcards
1
Q
Activity
A
Staying busy with physical, mental, and social
2
Q
Adaptive Logic
A
Logic learned through experience; the interaction between abstract, objective forms of problem solving that are related to the context of the problem
3
Q
Adolescence
A
The transitional stage between childhood and adulthood
4
Q
Ageism
A
An attitude towards old age characterized by fear and avoidance
5
Q
Age of viability
A
The age at which the baby has a possibility of surviving outside the womb, usually around 6 or 7 months
6
Q
Affiliation
A
Meaningful social interaction
7
Q
Alzheimer’s Disease
A
A common form of dementia
8
Q
Amniotic Sac
A
The sac of liquid within the uterus that protects the developing baby
9
Q
Awareness of Self
A
As pertains to memory, the ability to be aware of one’s own memory abilities
10
Q
Awareness of Strategies
A
As pertains to memory, developing strategies to help remember things
11
Q
Biological Clock
A
The awareness that time is running out (physically) for some activities
12
Q
Blastula
A
The hollow sphere of cells that forms several days after conception
13
Q
Centration
A
Being able to only focus on one aspect of a thing at a time
14
Q
Cephalocaudal
A
The path of physical development in infants with the quickest development being at the head and then more slowly at the feet
15
Q
Childbearing
A
The human act of reproducing
16
Q
Chorion
A
The protective outer sac that develops from tissue surrounding the embryo
17
Q
Classification
A
The ability to group things according to similarities
18
Q
Cleavage
A
The division of the zygote into multiple cells
19
Q
Critical period
A
In fetal development, the time when a certain limb or organ is in danger from a teratogen
20
Q
Climacteric
A
A period of life in which a great change takes place
21
Q
Cognitive
A
The combination of perceptual, intellectual, and language abilities
22
Q
Cognitive Maturity
A
The maturity gained through life experience
23
Q
Concrete
A
The inability to think in abstractions
24
Q
Conservation Experiments
A
Piaget’s experiments that observe the aspects of preoperational thought
25
Conservation of Liquids
The realization that the amount of liquid doesn't change when it is poured into a container of a different shape
26
Conservation of Mass
The realization that the mass of an object doesn't change when the shape changes
27
Conservation of Number
The realization that the number of objects doesn't change, even when the objects are spread further apart
28
Crystallized Intelligence
The accumulation of facts, information, and learning strategies over time
29
Decentering
The ability to think of things outside of just one perspective
30
Deferred Imitation
Imitating a behavior, but not right away
31
Dementia
A condition characterized by forgetfulness, a limited ability to understand abstractions, repeating statements, thinking slowly, lacking ideas, and having difficulty paying attention
32
Despair
A hopeless feeling of not having time to rectify the things you should have done better in your life
33
Dialectical Thought
The thinking that integrates belief and experience, holds them up to faith or commitments, and deciding one can live with them all
34
Diffusion
A lack of decision or avoidance of decision-making
35
Dizygotic twins
Simultaneously born offspring who develop from two separate ova and sperm
36
Early maturing
An adolescent who reaches adult size and physical proportions earlier than most of his peers
37
Ectoderm
The outer layer of the embryo's cells which forms the skin and nervous system
38
Egocentricity
A self-centered view of the world: viewing everything in relationship to oneself
39
Embryo
The baby from about two to eight weeks after conception
40
Empty nest syndrome
A term for the feelings of loss that accompany a home from which all of the children have grown up and left
41
Endoderm
The inner layer of the embryo's cells, which becomes the digestive system, lungs, and glands
42
Estrogen
The hormone, produced mostly by the ovaries, that is capable of developing and maintaining the female secondary sex characteristics
43
Fallopian tubes
Two passages that connect the ovaries to the uterus
44
Fetal alcohol syndrome
Abnormalities resulting from the mother's consumption of alcohol during pregnancy. These include low birth weight, certain facial anomalies, and possible intellectual disability.
45
Fetus
The unborn baby during the final stage of development, from the beginning of the third month until birth.
46
Five to seven shift
The time, usually between ages five and seven, when preoperational children shift into high gear cognitively
47
Fitting strategies to tasks
Choosing a strategy that will work best on various memory or learning tasks
48
Foreclosure
A commitment made without going through a decision-making period
49
Formal operational thought
Piaget's cognitive stage in which a person can speculate, hypothesize, and fantasize on a much larger and deeper scale than do children
50
Full object permanence
Knowing that objects still exist, even when they cannot be seen
51
Generativity
The need to achieve and be productive
52
Generativity vs Stagnation
Erikson's stage of middle adulthood in which the person needs to feel productive
53
Germinal period
The period immediately following conception and lasting through implantation
54
Grandparenting
Investing in the next generation of one's family
55
Group inclusion
The ability to group things into more than one category
56
Growth spurt
A period of rapid growth
57
Homeostasis
The body's ability to maintain balance or equilibrium
58
Identity
In cognitive development, the knowledge that a thing is always that thing and its content remains the same even if it changes shape
59
Identity crisis
A time when a person makes choices and then decides whether to stick with them or try something new
60
Identity vs. Role Confusion
Erikson's stage in which a person needs to understand and accept his own uniqueness, as well as place in society
61
Implantation
The process whereby the blastula burrows into the uterine lining
62
Individuation process
The process of separating your identity from that of your parents
63
Industry vs. Inferiority
Erikson's stage in which children work to figure out what they are "best" at
64
Initiative vs. Guilt
Erikson's stage when children are starting to explore the world and discover themselves. They show initiative in exploring, but may feel guilt when the exploration is squelched
65
Innate
Inborn trait
66
Integrity
A feeling of satisfaction about what you have done in your life
67
Integrity vs. Despair
Erikson's stage when older adults take stock of their lives; if they feel good about it, they experience integrity, if not they feel despair
68
Intimacy vs. Isolation
Erikson's stage in which young adults choose either to establish an intimate relationship with someone or experience aloneness
69
IQ tests
Tests designed to measure intelligence (Intelligence Quotient)
70
Lanugo
Downy hair that covers babies in the womb and falls off shortly before or after birth
71
Late maturing
An adolescent who reaches adult size and physical proportions later than most of his peers
72
Learning
The process of acquiring knowledge
73
Logic
The ability to see problems as changing and consisting of many interrelated factors
74
Long-term memory
Can hold information indefinitely
75
Maturation
The natural process of what a brain can learn and when
76
Memory control processes
A process that helps a person remember things
77
Menarche
The "period" for a female
78
Menopause
The time when a woman's menstrual cycle stops
79
Mental Imagery
Imagining things that need to be memorized or accomplished
80
Mesoderm
The middle layer of the embryo's cells, which develops into muscle, blood, and excretory system
81
Metacognition
The process of monitoring one's own thinking, memory, knowledge, goals, and activities
82
Middle Adulthood
The years from forty to sixty
83
Midlife Crisis
A panicky series of behaviors that a middle-ager uses to escape stagnation
84
Monozygotic twins
Two offspring who began development as a single zygote, which split into two zygotes during cleavage
85
Moral realism
The view that rules and laws are real and can never be changed
86
Moral relativism
The view that morals, rules, and laws are agreements and can be changed if necessary
87
Moratorium
A period when teens try on several "hats" to decide on their identity
88
Motherese
A special language used to communicate with infants
89
Motor skills
The ability to control movements of various parts of the body
90
Myelination
The process of myelin coat formation on the neurons. Myelin is a fatty substance that helps neural signals move more quickly and efficiently. Myelination occurs from birth through adolescence.
91
Myelin sheath
The sheath around neurons that aids in transmission of neural signals
92
Negative Identity
Choosing the opposite of what one's parents value
93
Neonate
The newborn baby
94
Norms
The behavior and attitudes which are considered acceptable by a society
95
Object Permanence
The realization that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be seen
96
Organization
As related to memory, the process of categorizing things in order to remember
97
Overregulation of rules
Applying rules to a greater extent than they should be
98
Palmar grasp
Picking up objects using the middle of the palm and the middle fingers
99
Pincer grasp
Picking up objects using the thumb and the forefinger
100
Placenta
The organ formed within the womb during pregnancy to nourish the baby and remove its wastes
101
Postformal Thought
The changes in the thinking processes that occur after reaching formal operational thought
102
Prenatal
The entire time of the baby's development from conception through birth
103
Preoperational Stage
The ability to think about something that is not present and to use something else to represent the absent thing
104
Pretending
Mimicking something that has been seen or experienced, using a symbolic object
105
Primary Sexual Characteristics
The development of the sex organs such that they have the ability to reproduce
106
Proximodistal
The pattern of growth that is center-outward
107
Puberty
The period of physical growth that ends childhood and brings the young person into adult size, shape, and sexual potential
108
Radial Grasp
Picking up objects using the index finger and the side of the palm
109
Reciprocity
Changes in one dimension will have an effect on another dimension
110
Reflexes
An automatic response, such as eye blinks or knee jerks when tapped
111
Rehearsal
As related to memory, the process of saying things over and over again in order to remember
112
Representation
Thinking about something with the imagination
113
Retrieval
As related to memory, the ability to retrieve information
114
Reversibility
The idea that some things can change and then return to their original form
115
Rite of Passage
An event or ritual that marks the move from one stage of life to another stage
116
Schema
The methods a person uses to think and interact with the environment
117
Scientific Reasoning
The ability to hypothesize general laws based on observation and logic
118
Scripts
A strategy used to remember steps in events
119
Secondary Sexual Characteristics
The outward appearance of characteristics specific to a gender
120
Selective Attention
The ability to concentrate and screen out distractions
121
Self-image
How a person views himself
122
Semantic elaboration
The ability to make inferences
123
Sensory Register
The information picked up by the senses
124
Sensorimotor stage
Piaget's periods of typical cognitive behavior
125
Seration
To group things in a series, such as from smallest to largest
126
Short-term memory
Stores information for about a minute
127
Socialization
The process of learning the norms and values of a society
128
Stagnation
The feeling of uselessness and failure
129
Surfactant
The fatty substance that helps the lungs inflate after a baby's birth
130
Symbolic thought
Thinking about things using symbols
131
Synchrony
The ability to watch a child's facial expressions and respond accordingly
132
Teratogen
A toxic agent which causes abnormalities or birth defects
133
Testosterone
The hormone, secreted by the testes, that stimulates the development of male secondary sex characteristics and sperm
134
The game of thinking
According to Flavell, the ability to stop immediate judgments and think playfully and widely before answering a problem
135
Toddler
A baby who is walking unassisted, but is still wobbly
136
Trimester
The three divisions (first through third month; fourth through sixth month; seventh till birth) of fetal development
137
Type A personality
A personality style in which the person is high-strung, always moving and eating rapidly, talks in machine-gun bursts or explosively accents words when there is no need, feels impatient most of the time, frequently tries to do more than one thing at once, feels guilty relaxing, and has difficulty talking about things in which he is not interested
138
Ulnar grasp
Picking up objects using most of the hand, especially the palm and fourth and fifth fingers
139
Umbilical cord
The tubes of tissue connecting the placenta to the baby. These are blood vessels carrying food to the baby and waste products away from the baby
140
Uterus
The womb, the mother's organ which provides the environment for the baby to develop
141
Values
The principles a person believes in
142
Vestibular System
The system that helps the body detect changes in gravity and in the position of the head
143
Young Adulthood
The time period between ages twenty and forty
144
Zygote
A fertilized ovum
