Culture Psychology Flashcards
Indigenous 9 Guiding Principles
Health as holistic
The right to self-determination
The need for cultural understanding
The impact of history in trauma and loss
Recognition of human rights
The impact of racism and stigma
Recognition of the centrality of kinship
Recognition of cultural diversity
Recognition of Aboriginal strengths
Ongoing Issues
Racism
Stereotypes and myths
Discrimination
Poverty
Disadvantages
Deaths in custody
Land rights
Stolen wages
What is culture?
The shared rules that govern the behaviour; it is a filter through which we see and understand our current reality.
Culture is the core, fundamental, dynamic, responsive, adaptive, and relatively coherent organising system of life designed to ensure the survival and well-being of members
WEIRD
Western Educated Industrialised Rich Democratic countries
Countries psychological research is from
Etic
Understanding driven by theories
Do theories fit across different cultural groups?
Emic
Understanding driven by cultural members
Attempt to understand a culture from the perspective of its members
Approaches (etic)
Power distance - level of acceptance of inequality between people
Individualism (v. collectivism) - degree to which a society reinforces individual achievement
Masculinity - degree to which societies reinforce traditional masculine work
Uncertainty avoidance - level of avoidance of uncertainty and ambiguity within a society
Long-term orientation - degree to which society embraces (or not), long-term devotion to traditional values
Analytic cognition
Pay attention to focal/key objects
Use strict categories for objects
Rely on formal rules and logic
Holistic cognition
Pay attention to entire field
Don’t use strict categories for objects
Allows for multiple perspectives and logical contradictions - dialectical
Refugee
Person who is outside his/her country of nationality or habitual residence; has a well-founded fear of persecution because of race, religion, nationality… - unable or unwilling to avail themselves of the protection of that country or return their
Short term Migrants
International students
Temporary international work
People coming and going for shorter periods of time
Intention is that it is a temporary circumstance
How might that influence one’s experience?
Similarities and differences
Voluntary migrants
Refugees
Asylum seekers
Short-term migrants
PUSH AND PULL FACTORS
Culture shock
A feeling of disorientation and anxiety that occurs as people from one culture encounter and adapt to the practices, rules and expectations of another culture
4 Phases of Culture Shock
Honeymoon - initial euphoria and excitement
Disenchantment - disillusionment and hostility towards a new culture as values and habits conflict with local attitudes
Beginning resolution - recovery as confidence and understanding of the new culture grows
Effective functioning - adjustments as the individual learns how to fit into the environment
Level of Acculturation
Degree of affiliation with culture of origin and new culture where they are living
Process that changes over time
Culture is learned
How is acculturation measured?
Looking at changes in:
- ->Language preferences and abilities
- -> beliefs and attitudes
- -> behaviours, customs and traditions
Multiculturalism
Where multiple cultures exist within a country and numbers of minority groups is significant
Pluralism
Rights of diverse groups to retain their cultural heritage and to co-exist
Personal and social identities (ADRESSING)
Age
Disability
Religion and spirituality
Ethnicity and culture
Social class
Sexual orientation
Indigenous heritage/colonisation
National origin/immigration/refugee status
Gender and sex
Marcia’s stages of identity development (DFMA)
Identity diffusion - does not have a sense of choices - not yet committed
Identity foreclosure - commits to some relevant roles, values, or goals without experiencing identity crisis
Identity moratorium - in crisis, currently exploring various commitments
Identity achievement - gone through exploration and made commitment
Cross cultural issues (1)
Xenophobia - fear or hatred or foreigners/the unfamiliar
Stereotyping - generalised views held about group of people
Ethnocentrism - ways in which personal culture influences views of the rest of the world
Prejudice - unreasonable, negative stereotypes about another group
Discrimination - behavioural manifestation of prejudice attitudes
Cross cultural issues (2)
Can be…
- -> personally-mediated
- -> institutionalised
- -> internalised
