CULTURE, ITS IMPACTS AND ADAPTATIONS Flashcards
“It is the learned and shared behavior of a community of interacting human beings” (Useem & Useem, 1963).
CULTURE
“shared patterns of behaviors and interaction, cognitive constructs andaffective understanding that are learned through a process of socialization” (Center
for Advanced Research in LanguageAcquisition, n.d.).
CULTURE
t the behaviors of a relatively large group of people (Lustig & Koestner, 2003)
CULTURE
This characteristic of culture indicate that we acquired complete knowledge and understanding of our cultural norms from our parents, teachers, relatives and friends.
LEARNED. NOT INNATE.
This characteristic of culture indicate that culture is affected by many factors such as language, religion, basic world view, education, technology, organization, politics and law all interacting with one another.
MULTIFACETED
This adaptation to new culture encourages and values diversity in cultural practices. Through this, cultures are accorded special acknowledgement of their differences within a dominant political culture.
MULTICULTURALISM
This adaptation to new culture happens when people prefer and choose to interact only with members of their own culture.
SEPARATION
This characteristic of culture indicate that certain practices must be adapted by a number of people belonging to a particular community before they can be considered a part of the culture of that place.
SHARED
This adaptation to new culture happens when the parent culture is maintained in private while the dominant culture is accommodated in public.
ACCOMMODATION
This characteristic of culture indicate that cultures constantly change as cultural contact increases, new technology emerge, and economic conditions vary.
DYNAMIC
This adaptation to new culture happens when immigrants voluntarily adapt to the new country’s language and cultural practices. People who adapt this method often lose the aspects of their traditional culture in the process.
ASSIMILATION
This characteristic of culture indicate that we belong to multiple cultures as we interact with one another.
OVERLAPPING
This adaptation to new culture is a positive kind of cultural adaptation as it is the healthy intermingling of two unique cultures.
INTEGRATION
– power of influence
Leadership
Masculine culture
Feminine culture
Work Productivity
individual and group orientation
Group Allegiance
use personal characteristics and achievements to define themselves and value individual welfare.
Individualistic culture (I)
define themselves as members of groups, which can be clans or communities. In these cultures, people consider common goals and the group’s welfaremost important (Adler, 1997.)
Collectivist culture (We)
. High-context culture AND Low-context culture
Task Commitment
the information is already in the person, while very little is in the coded, explicitly transmitted part of the message- people are deeply involved with each other. - information is widely shared through simple
messages with deep meaning (Hall, 1976 in Bai, 2016) - communication style is more implicit and indirect
. High-context culture
information is vested in the explicit code
-highly individualized, and there is relatively little
involvement with others
-communication between people is more explicit,
Low-context culture-
BARRIERS TO EFFECTIVE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNICATION
Ethnocentrism, Streotypes, Prejudice. Assumed Similarities, Anxiety
usually defined as a kind of ethnic or cultural group
egocentrism, which involves a belief in the superiority of one’s owngroup, including its values and practices, and often contempt, hatred, and hostility towards those outside the group (Bizumic, 2015).
Ethnocentrism
“pictures in our heads.”(Lippman,1992 in Zhang, 2009) - giving of certain attributes, labels, or stigmas to groups or classes(Nisa, Kholil and Zulkarnain, 2017)
Stereotypes
refers to a primary negative perception or irrational judgement -created by individuals on the basis of race, ethnicity, religion, cast
or language (Ivypanda,2020).
Prejudice
Sometimes people assume that two cultures are not
different, but are similar in their nature. For instance, if anArab prefers to drink coffee instead of tea then others assumethat coffee is a popular drink in UAE. This is not always true aspeople from different cultures have different preferences. Thepreference of a person or a group of people does not reflect theentire culture (Ivypanda,2020).
Assumed Similarities
a state of human condition where a person has a feeling of unease
and nervousness. It is even sometimes associated with the
feeling of an unrealistic fear
- feeling of not knowing what to expect from their counterparts andlackof any knowledge about the ways to interact with themusuallycauses a great deal of anxiety in individuals (Ivypanda,2020).
Anxiety
IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGY ON COMMUNICATION
- Technology provides us with unlimited information.
- It creates opportunities for meeting new people.
- It helps us keep in touch with family and friends anywhere in the world.
- It brings new diversity to our culture and our lives.
- It foster better cooperation among different cultural groups.
- It isolates us.
- It can make us create second lives.
Designing the dress and hairstyle and choosing battle weapon of your online game character.
Creates second lives
Getting hearts, comments and follow from people who have the same thoughts as you.
Opportunities for meeting new people
Closing business deals and partnerships among corporations
Fosters better cooperation among various groups
Paying online for a much-awaited vacation trips.
None of the above.
Communicating with other people and loved ones anytime, anywhere
Keeps in touch with family and friends
Searching your symptoms and illness and discussing it with your doctor.
Unlimited information
Searching a pool of resources for your essay is just one click away.
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Unlimited information
Allows people to communicate with each other while avoiding face-to-face contact.
Isolates people
Builds relationship among nations despite the physical distance between each other.
Brings new diversity to culture and lives
Getting up close and personal with celebrity idols on social media.
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Opportunities for meeting new people
