culture and gender issues - classic studies

Question 1

culture and gender issues in social classic study

Answer 1

Based in summer camp - an American idea so rooted in one culture (individualistic) so not generalisable to collectivist cultures.

Japan replicated sherif’s study and found similar results in prejudice suggesting little cultural differences.

Study focuses on boys from similar cultures and backgrounds e.g. protestant and white so limits generalisability ethnocentric assumptions.

Only suggests findings from RCT can be applied to male therefore gender bias (beta bias)

Question 2

culture and gender issues in cognitive classic study

Answer 2

both men and women can be applied to all genders

Culturally biased because it’s based on American pp’s (imposed etic)

Question 3

culture and gender issues in biological classic study

Answer 3

Raine carried out study in uni of California which is culturally biased

Raine’s sample of murderers only had 2 women so small sample of one gender (beta bias)

Brain structure does not differ generally in culture and gender so findings should be applicable to all

However, findings don’t include upbringing as a factor influencing aggressive behaviour.

Question 4

culture and gender issues in learning classic study

Answer 4

Watson and Rayner is culturally biased as it was one male infant deliberately chosen for being resilient.

However, behaviourists believe classical conditioning uses innate dear response. This means that the classical conditioning of little Albert could be seen as universally applicable and not culturally biased.

Gender Bias as little Albert was male and so androcentrism and exposure to beta bias (All genders are the same in how they learn).

However, classical conditioning is based on innate fear response, that gender could not influence classical conditioning of phobias, so their findings can be applied to any child of any gender.

Question 5

culture and gender issues in clinical classic study

Answer 5

In Rosenhan’s study there is cultural bias as he carried it out in Hospitals across 5 states and so not representative of countries outside of western values (individualistic)

5 men and 3 women used in Rosenhan’s sample which means no gender bias so findings can be generalisable to both genders.

DSM - based on western symptoms of schizophrenia (imposed etic)

The sample is culturally biased because pseudo-patients were all from the same culture and so can’t generalise findings to to other cultures (culturally biased)