Culture And Cognition

Question 1

. A term denoting all mental processes we
use to transform sensory input into knowledge.

Answer 1

COGNITION

Question 2

. The focusing of our limited capacities of
consciousness on a particular set of stimuli, more of
whose features are noted and processed in more depth
than is true of nonfocal stimuli.

Answer 2

ATTENTION

Question 3

. The feelings that result from excitation of
the sensory receptors such as touch, taste, smell, sight,
or hearing.

Answer 3

SENSATION

Question 4

. The process of gathering information
about the world through our senses; our initial interpretations of sensations.

Answer 4

PERCEPTION

Question 5

A large domain of cognition is known as a generic term
_________ which captures many different types of
higher-order mental processes such as categorization, attributions, reasoning, memory, problem solving, and
decision making.

Answer 5

thinking

Question 6

Hofstede (1980) called culture _________
He likened culture to computer software; just as different
software exists to do different things with the same
hardware (computer equipment)

Answer 6

mental programming.

Question 7

. A method used to determine if one stimulus
affects another. Many studies have primed individuals on
individualism or collectivism and have found that
different mental primes produce different kinds of
behaviors

Answer 7

PRIMING

Question 8

are perceptions that involve an
apparent discrepancy between how an object looks and
what it actually is.

Answer 8

Optical illusions

Question 9

Three of the best-known optical
illusions are the

Answer 9

Mueller–Lyer illusion,
the
horizontal–vertical illusion, and
the Ponzo illusion.

Question 10

suggests that people in
urbanized, industrialized societies are used to seeing
things that are rectangular in shape and unconsciously
come to expect things to have squared corners because
much of their world is carpentered (e.g., houses,
buildings, etc.).

Answer 10

carpentered world theory

Question 11

suggests
that people interpret vertical lines as horizontal lines
extending into the distance. In the horizontal–vertical
illusion, we interpret the vertical line as extending away
from us, and we know that a line of set length that is
farther away from us must be longer.

Answer 11

front-horizontal foreshortening theory

Question 12

suggests that people in Western cultures focus more onrepresentations on paper than do people in other
cultures and spend more time learning to interpret pictures.

Answer 12

symbolizing three dimensions in two theory