culture Flashcards
Gives some examples of culture heritage place?
NY
Liverpool (e.g. beetles)
Soton (titanic)
What is cultural heritage?
Takes it into account
- Archaeological
- Architecture
- Landscape and Aesthetics
Explain the National Grid.
> National Grid has 571km (355 miles) of pylon lines running through national parks and areas of outstanding natural beauty (AONB) in England and Wales.
> The shortlisted areas are in the Snowdonia, Peak District, New Forest and Brecon Beacons national parks, and the Dorset, Tamar Valley, High Weald and North Wessex Downs AONBs, totalling 25km of lines.
What does putting the lines down require? (National grid).
- Requires a 50-metre-wide trench to be dug to about twom deep, to accomodate to six lines carried by pylons
- Hard rocks or archaeological sites can also present obstacles
- Alternatives include moving the pylons to less obtrusive locations. In the High Weald AONB in SE england, the 50m high pylons may be moved down the hill, so they have wooded slopes behind them rather than sky.
(Pylons potentially re-routed).
What will the National Grid scheme contribute to?
Will ass £500m to electricity bills over eight years, or about £7m a pylon, which National Grid says is equivalent to 22p a year on an average customer bill.
In terms of heritage, what do the EIA regulations require a description from?
- Material assets, including the architectural landscape
- Also for assessing if schedule 2 developments need EIA: landscapes of historical, culture and archaeological significance
Why does cultural heritage matter?
- Buildings
- Historical artefacts, ruins
- Landscapes
- Activities- past and present
- Cultural association
What baseline data will be revealed by a desk study?
- Listed buildings
- Scheduled monuments
- Protected wreck sites
- Registered Parks and Gardens
- Battle of Waterloo
- World heritage site (UNESCO designated) e.g. Tower or london
- Heritage areas or conservation areas
- Data held by government departments or local authorities
- Local interest groups who might be consulted
What are some examples of archaeological sites?
Ruined buildings, earthworks, field systems e.g.
- Roman Remains
- Chalk downlands; systems from 300BC visible
- Dartmoor field systems from 1400BC
- Boxgrove, nr. Chicestor- Homind remains from 500,000 years ago
How can the nature of sites affect preservation?
Wetlands: (e.g. peat bogs)- organic material tends to be well-preserved e.g. bog bodies
Coastal sites: 7000 years ago much larger land area: many landscapes and remains still present below the sea (e.g. Woodhenges on the norfolk coast)
England used t o be attached to Europe, however, construction of wind turbines may destroy ancient human activity.
…
How many archaeological sites are there in England?
- over 600,000 known sites in England
- about 2% (about 18,000) protected by law as: scheduled ancient monuments.
What are scheduled ancient monuments?
Protected under the Ancient Monument and Archaeological Areas Act 1979 - Over 200 classes of monument including: Standing stones Burial mounds Castles Ruined monasteries Colleries War time Pillboxes
- Only nationally important monuments are scheduled and are protected by law
What are the listed buildings associated with architecture?
- Department of Culture, Media and Sport maintains a list of Buildings of architectural importance or Historic Buildings
- Identified by Historic England (Formerly English Heritage)
- Graded 1, 11*, 11
Typically:
Almost all buildings pre 1800
Many pre 1900 (depending on the architectural importance or cultural association)
Some 20thC e.g. defences, art nouveau factories
Over 500,00 nationally
- e.g. hoover factory- is now a tescos
What is the Convention concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage?
World Heritage sites, UN, Educational, Scientific and cultural organisation (UNESCO) adopted the Convention. in 1972.
- Encourages the identification, protection and preservation of cultural and natural heritage around the world considered to be of outstanding value to humanity
- includes cultural and natural sites