Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Environmental Science > Alternatives, Mitigation and Environmental Management Plans L3 > Flashcards

Alternatives, Mitigation and Environmental Management Plans L3 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the types of alternatives?

A 
No action
Locations 
Scale of Project 
Processes or equipment 
Site layouts and designs 
Operating conditions 
(May be limited by commercial considerations; and should be developed in consultation with stakeholders).
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Outline the Dibden Terminal Alternatives

A

Primary use: terminal will be the import, export and distribution of unitized freight in containers. The terminal will also be used for the import aggregates/ for roll-on/roll-off (roro) cargo vehicles and lift-on/lift on (lo-lo) cargo.
Operational area: 202 hectares.
Environmental measures: 185 hectares (including planting, landscaping and nature conservation enhancements) and agriculture.
Principal land uses within the Terminal :
Approximately 1.8 kilometres of quay providing 6 deepwater berths; cranes, storage areas, railway yards, offices, parking, landscaping

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What were the landscape and design issues with Southampton Biomass Power project?

A

Initial design was very badly received by the local community

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What were the major oppositions to Southampton Biomass?

A
  • 125m from homes
  • Just 1 mile from city centre will cover 20 acres and have buildings that are over -300ft high, thats twice the height of the civic centre clock tower
  • Seen from Lyndhurst!!
  • Much of the city’s air is already failing to meet air quality objectives, the pollution from the plant will make this worse.
  • Emitted pollutants considered dangerous to health, specifically particulate matter that is well known to cause serious health problems.
  • Biomass not GREEN- considered by FOTE, Green party and the Bio Fuel Watch.

TOO BIG TOO CLOSE NOT GREEN.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How will the redesigns fit in with the proposed consultation?

A
  • Smaller stack, buildings etc.
  • More sensitive alternatives designs
  • Further consultation with community and statutory consultees
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What was the marine design?

A

-Mimicking a container ship
-Sloping profiles
-External features echoing masts or containers
WAVE DESIGN:
- Curves soften appearance from a distance
-Flows between components
-Use of blocks of colour to break up visuals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What was the High-tech design?

A
  • Inspired by the language of modern high technical equipment
  • Highlights the industrial nature of the plant whilst providing an area of the processes that take place (e.g. red for boiler house).
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What was the further Consultation?

A
  • Community Consultation sought the local community’s views on the alternative design approaches for the scheme.
  • Those local community respondents, and the statutory consultees, who selected a preferred design approach demonstrated a clear preference for the ‘Marine’ design approach (52% for Marine, 35% Wave, 13% High Tech).
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Stonehenge- A303 improvement: what were the options for alternatives?

A
  • 2.1km bored tunnel- rejected because of costs (£510m).
  • Northern route (£283m)
  • Southern route (£246m)
  • Cut and cover tunnel (£389m)
  • ‘Partial solution’ (£159million)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Describe the Stonehenge alternatives.

A
  • Published scheme= expensive
  • Northern and southern routes- impacts on monuments, landscape, bio-diversity, residence
  • Cut & Cover- cheaper- potential damage on landscape & heritage; 9m high embankment.
  • Partial solution- some traffic improvements and improvements to setting
  • 2009: visitor centre to be relocated to Airman’s Corner- now open
  • A344 now closed; grassland being restored

THERE IS NOW FURTHER PROPOSAL FOR TUNNEL.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What were the changes in 2014 directives?

A

Requirements should be clearer:
- A description of the reasonable alternatives studied by developer, which are relevant to the project and its specific characteristics.
INSTEAD OF:
- an outline of the main alternatives studied by the developer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the 97/11 directive?

A

Mitigation approaches: measures envisaged to avoid, reduce and is possible, remedy significant adverse effects- from Directive 97/11

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the significance spectrum?

A

Look at phone picture.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the mitigation hierarchy?

A

Avoid: the impact by not taking certain action
Reduce: the impact over time by maintenance or preservation
Restore: the impact by repair or restoration
Compensate: by replacing resources
-(Plus enhance: positive changes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is involved in ‘Avoid’?

A

In the extreme, don’t build or avoid land-take
Change site layout, for example, to avoid destruction of hedgerows
Schedule lorry movements to avoid traffic congestion or late night noise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is involved in ‘Reduce’?

A

Reduce visual impact by reducing height of large structures, planting barriers of trees, building earth banks, or designing to fit in with existing landscape
- reduce area of greenfield with housing to protect conservation or amenity

17
Q

What is involved in ‘Restore/Remedy’?

A
  • Repair or reseed a meadow used for temporary storage of construction materials
  • Resurface access roads damaged by heavy vehicle use
18
Q

What is involved in ‘Compensate’ involved?

A
  • Create replacement habitat
  • Provide sound insulation for local residents
  • Provide financial compensation for loss of amenity
19
Q

What is involved in ‘Enhance’?

A
  • Projects can have positive effects as well as negative’- this could be further advanced, e.g.
  • by innovation design (e.g. stonehenge visitor centre).
  • Net gain in habitat (e.g. Dibden).
  • Generate local improvements that support the project and the local area; e.g. road or other infrastructure improvements
20
Q

What is mitigation now usually included as?

A
  • ‘planning condition’ or ‘Section 106 agreement’
  • Actual implementation still not always monitored or effectiveness established
  • Environmental management planning is now becoming more widespread, as a planning condition
21
Q

Define Environmental Management Plans.

A

World bank definition:
An EMP outlines the mitigation, monitoring and institutional measures to be taken during project implementation and operation to avoid or control adverse environmental impacts, and the actions needed to implement these measures.

May be subject to planning conditions or obligations

The EMP should be a structured plan for ensuring mitigation measures are actually implemented ‘on the ground

22
Q

What is an Environmental Management Systems (EMS)?

A

A structured and documented system to manage a company’s overall environmental performance and responsibilities.

Includes company commitments on managing environmental impacts of activities, use of resources, management of specific aspects such as waste, energy and water

Is often accredited to a standard such as ISO14001

23
Q

What are the links between EIA, EMS and EMP?

A

See phone

24
Q

What does the EMP focus on?

A
  • Focuses on the project itself
  • Includes all contractors, consultants etc if they have a role
  • Can include construction and operation phases
  • Includes (e.g.) protection, restoration, monitoring.
25
Q

How do you prepare for the EMP (Key parties)?

A
  • Project proponent (developer, design team, environmental consultants, contractors)
  • Regulators (planning authority, statutory consultees)
  • Stakeholders (community, interest groups)
26
Q

Do we have to have an EMP>

A
  • In the UK: no statutory requirement (unlike, e.g., Netherlands, Australia, Hong Kong)
  • Planning authorities may request EMP to secure mitigation measures included via planning conditions
  • Little guidance from government; other than DoE Circular 11/95 “allows planning authorities to require a scheme of mitigation covering matters of planning concern….”
  • EMP allows the conditions set to be framed effectively and, with clarity on, for example , monitoring and reporting
  • May overlap with other related consents or licences- these would usually be integrated into the EMP
27
Q

What is the structure of an EMP?

A
  • Contents
  • Introduction
  • Project team- roles and responsibilities
  • Emergency procedures (e.g. in case of -breach of consent)
  • Consents and permissions
  • Environmentally significant changes (& r-responsibilities)
  • Generic environmental actions (e.g. legal requirements, EMS documents)
  • Register of site specific environmental actions
  • Liaison and consultation
  • Register of variations
  • Technical schedules (e.g. monitoring methodologies)
  • Appendices
28
Q

What are the facts and figures of London Array Phase one?

A
  • An offshore area of 100km2
  • 175 wind turbines
  • Two offshore substations
  • Nearly 450km of offshore cabling
  • One onshore substation
  • 630MW of electricity- enough power for around 480,000 homes a year – two thirds of the homes in Kent
  • CO2 savings of 925,000 tonnes a year
  • Phase One completed end of 2012
29
Q

What was the EMP in action in the London Array?

A
  • Offshore wind farm in Thames Estuary
  • Connection to National Grid at Cleve Hill, Kent: substation, cabling, onshore works compounds, realignment of overhead power lines
  • An ecological mitigation and management plan was produced to address the ecological impacts of onshore works
30
Q

What are the London Array onshore impacts?

A

GCN
Slow worm
Water voles
Black Bellied Brent Goose

31
Q

London Array: EMP in action- example issues?

A
  • Clearance of vegetation
  • Onshore bird monitoring methodology
  • Works in pits and ditches
  • Great Crested Newt mitigation strategy
  • Reptile surveys and habitat clearance
  • Pre-construction water vole surveys

Each had its own schedule or section within EMP.

32
Q

What does each section within the EMP include?

A
  • Each schedule includes a description of habitats/ species and locations, mitigation strategy, proposed monitoring and reporting
  • LPA consulted stakeholders, including Natural England and wildlife groups
  • Schedules used as reference point for contractors and specialist ecologists through construction work

Environmental Science (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions