Culture

Question 0

Define attachment

Answer 0

A close emotional bond with a parent or care-giver.

Question 1

Define culture

Answer 1

The behaviors, beliefs, attitudes and traditions that are shared by a group of people and passed in from one generation to the next.

Question 2

Define abnormality

Answer 2

The deviation from societal norms or functionally maladaptive behavior.

Question 3

Define mental health

Answer 3

A person’s condition with regards to their psychological well-being.

Question 4

Define mental illness

Answer 4

Mental conditions that have a negative effect on the way a person thinks, feels and behaves.

Question 5

Define maladaptive behavior

Answer 5

A type of behavior that inhibit a person’s ability to adjust to a particular situation.

Question 6

What is Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) ?

Answer 6

Therapy that changes a person’s dysfunctional thoughts and behaviors into those that are more helpful.

Question 7

What are Bowlby’s theories of attachment?

Answer 7

• Children come into the world biologically pre-programmed to form attachments with others, because this will help them to survive.
• Babies are born with the tendency to display behaviors that ensure proximity and contact with the mother or mother figure.
• Attachment behaviors will be activated by any conditions that threaten the proximity (e.g. Separation, insecurity or fear)

Question 8

What was Ainsworth’s Strange Situation (1970) study?

Answer 8

A method used to measure the type of attachment of an infant with the parent/carer.

The method identified 3 types of attachment:

• Type A= Anxious-avoidant
• Type B= Secure
• Type C= Anxious resistant

Question 9

What was the Type A type of attachment according to Ainsworth? (1970)

Answer 9

ANXIOUS AVOIDANT:
Showed their insecurity by ignoring their mothers, failing to look at her and not trying to be close to her after her return.

Question 10

What was the Type B type of attachment according to Ainsworth? (1970)

Answer 10

SECURE:

Infants used their mother as their secure base from which to explore room.

Question 11

What was the Type C type of attachment according to Ainsworth? (1970)

Answer 11

ANXIOUS-RESISTANT:

Infants showed their insecurity by resisting their mothers such as by clinging to her but also kicking and pushing away.

Question 12

What is the relationship between culture and attachment? (Example of research)

Answer 12

IJZENDOOM & KROONENBERG (1988)

Found that secure attachment was the most common across all cultures.
However, individualistic nations had high levels of anxious avoidant and collectivist nations had higher levels of anxious resistant.