cultural variations in attachment - evaluation Flashcards
what is a strength for van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg’s study ?
- there was a total of almost 2000 babies and the primary attachement figure
why and how is this strength for the research ?
- as a large sample size increases the internal validity of the study by reducing the impact of anomalous results caused by bad methodology or very unusual participants
what is a limitation towards Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg
?
- are confounding variables on the findings
what does this mean ?
- certain characteristics weren’t accounted for
–> such as poverty, social class and urban/rural - some environmental variables weren’t necessarily controlled between studies , i.e size of the room
what does it mean for the research ?
- difficult to compare results on non-matched studies , as they may not tell us anything about cross-cultural patterns of attachment
what is a strength within Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg about meta-analysis ?
- looked at used indigenous researchers from same background as the participants
what is an example of strength of meta-analysis research ?
- Takahashi studying Japanese attachment and Grossmann studying German attachment
what effect does it have on the research ?
- it means that many of the potential issues that come from misinterpreting or difficulty understanding indigenous language/behaviour are reduced
–> overall increases the validity of the data collected
what is imposed etic ?
- means that tools are being used are often designed in 1 culture and then imposed on another
what does it mean that cross-cultural research is suffering from imposed etic ?
- as strange situation was created by an American based assumptions that the researcher has
what is an example of imposed etic ?
- in germany a lack of separation anxiety and pleasure on reunion might be seen as independence and security by a German standards rather than insecurity by Americans
(Grossmann and Grossmann 1990 )
what problems does this portray ?
- infants aren’t being measured by the standards of their own cultures and so may be being incorrectly categorised
–> hence leads to the strange situation lacking validity
what is an alternative explanation for similarities ?
- universal similarities in how attachments form is because of an innate drive for survival –> B
- I + K suggest that at leats some similarity can be attributed to the effects of mass media –> e.g. books, TV , internet etc.
how does this effect parenting ?
- spreads ideas about local parenting techniques across the globe and so children all over the world are potentially exposed to similar influences
what could similarity be down to ?
- increasing global culture rather than down to innate biological influences