Cultural Variations in Attachment* Flashcards
What type of study did Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg carry out?
Meta Analysis.
How many studies did Van Ijzendoor and Kroonenberg collect data from?
32.
How many participants did they study in total?
1,900 infants.
How many countries did they collect data from?
8
What percentage of attachments were secure?
67%
What percentage were insecure avoidant?
21%
What percentage were insecure resistant?
12%
True or false? There was greater variation between countries than cultures.
False. They found greater variation between cultures that countries.
Give an advantage to Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg’s meta analysis.
Advantages:
- Nomothetic approach - large sample - 1900 people - applies to many people - high population validity.
Give a disadvantage to Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg’s study.
- Ethnocentric sample - 27 studies from individualistic nations - only 5 were from collectivist nations - the percentages cannot be said to be representative of the attachment types elicited in eastern nations - low population validity - also 18/32 studies were from the US.
- Culturally relative - relies on the ‘strange situation’ which is culturally relative - e.g. German children are more likely to be classed as insecure-avoidant because their parents value independence (Grossman and Grossman) - findings lack generalisability.
- Comparing countries not cultures - though there may be variations between sub-cultures - e.g. studies in Tokyo found similar proportions of attachment types to western cultures - rural studies showed overrepresentation of insecure-resistant.
Which country had the highest proportion of insecure-avoidant attachments?
Germany - 35%
Which counties had the highest proportion of secure attachments?
Britain and Sweden (75%)
Which country had the highest proportion of insecure-resistant attachments?
Japan 32% - according to AQA.
