Cultural & Human Systems Flashcards
What techniques are used to acquire site inventory and analysis data in the context of cultural and human resources?
interviews
focus groups
charrettes / workshops
surveys
lit and doc research
participant observation
How is culture and human resource data collected? what are some tools?
using techniques borrowed from social sciences.
time lapse photography
audio recordings and interviews
visit to precedent site to draw parallel or correlating data
demographic data on exisitng or anticipated site users
for the land use regulations assessment during inventory and analysis - what is previous land use, what data is relevant and why?
important to know prior use that impact site (pollution, brownfield infrastructure, ect)
jHistorical aerials and san born maps are great resources
For land use regulations (inventory and analysis) - what are comprehensive plans, what data is relevant and why?
comp plans also called master plans - usually muncipalities long term future development plans
comp plans bring together comprehensive info into single planning doc - cultural resources, demographics, utilities housing ect)
For land use and regulation inventory - describe zoning? why important
Zoning is land use control that limits or delineates development on a specific parcel of land
Establishes separation between non-compatible land uses and protects property owners investment, public health safety and wealthfare
How is zoning enforced? what does it regulate?
forced via zoning code - described in legal documents and described via a zoning map.
Zoning regulates the following
> > permitted use of land and buildings
> > intensity of the use
> > height and dimensional standards
commonly regulates land-use, density, parking requirements and setbacks
What is zoning code
who can adopt it
what does it include?
also called zoning ordiance - can be adopted by several scales of govnement - includes list of permtted uses and definitions, development standards etc
What is a zoning overlay
overlays are special districts within the zoning code that offer additionally protections to specific resources.
historic overlays for example
What is zoning commision
regulatory body of public officials that govern development related issues
What is a variance?
what is not allowed in a variance?
allows certain restricted forms of development to be allowed due to extenuating circumstances
a variance cannot be used to alter the essential character of the zoning district in which the land is located, including allowing nonconforming use
What is conditional use?
Conditional use permits are similar to variances
request approval by zoning board or commision (like a variance) however condition use permtits allow for non conforming uses to be permitted within a specific zone
typically granted when non -permitted use would benefit the general welfare of the community and aligns with comp plan
What is floor area ratio?
FAR - establishes the ratio between the gross square footage of a building and the size of the lot
In addition to land use regulation (such as zoning and comprehensive plans) what other variables impact the legal and financial aspects of site planning and development processees
Jurisdiction (for example juris with stringent planning reviews)
property title / ownership (
property value
easements
covenants
Between land use ®ulations AND Legal and financial aspects to be considered during inventory and analysis - list all possible legal issues that should be investigated for a site
Zoning classification
easements covenants and deed restictions
gov’ agencies with jurisdiction
building placement requirements (set backs etc)
allowable building area
building height FAR and footprint restrictions
parking and driveway requirements
min requirements for open space
on site recreation / environmental requirements
stormwater and erosion control requirements
landscaping requirements
required permits, planning procedures such as variances, design review, public hearings, environmental tests ect
Describe easements and the most common types
an easement is the purchase of partial rights to a piece of land and requires agreement between two parties fo the purpose of a specific use
easement contracts outline duration of the contract and can restrict certain development or use
5 types are:
access easement
utility easement
conservation easement
scenic easements
solar easement
describe covenants and their function / purpose
convenants (also know as deed restrictions) are consensual agreements that restrict what can be done to a private property
they place restrictions on land use that supplement any regulations established by zoning, subdivision,HOA or building codes
they are a valid contract are are legally enforcable
What considerations of utilitiesare most relevant to LAs
inform where trees should be planted and/or how to screen utilities
describe what 4 components a transportation inventory and analysis should cover for a project site?
Circulation
street function
traffic volume
connections and adjacencies
What studies are typcially uses to determine the location of vehicular access points?
Wat do they take into account?
SITE DISTANCE studies
visibility
location of the PROPOSED access point
its relationship to other access points
the speed and volume of traffic flowing along the propsed point of access
When analyzing circulation - what best practices should be kept in mind?
connectivity between inside site elemtns and those outside the site
aligning entries and exits along site periphery coordinated with entry/exit points found in surrounding areas
visible entries and exits - assess whether entries are visible and what the heiarchy is if any
site circulation should always have clear heigharchy reinforced through the design
wayfinding - use or opportunity to use clear site lines, vantage points, site landmarks, breaking up site into regions, visual language, ect that help users differentiate and navigate a space
color is BAD for wayfinding - no heiarchy, colorblind people
What is a historic resource assessment?
3 main goals, LQS
documents the location quality and significance of buildings and landmarks as well the presence of archaeological sites
TheNational Historic register of historic places assesses sites based on what criteria?
is site associated with events that made sig contribution to American History?
is site associated with sign historical person?
does site embody distinct characteristics of a certain time period (work of a highly skilled craftsman, unqiue method of construction, type period, artistic talent, etc)
has site yielded information important to history?
NOTE: these policies doesn’t generally cover wilderness or habitat areas
What is site sensory data and why and how can it be documented?
site sensory is set of concerns that impact user experience
many are captured as quantitative data and includes:
Site character - location, scale, mix, time, movement
noise - barriers, sources, etc
odors - from nearby sites via wind patterns
visibility - view shed map- shows how well and how often a site can be seen by off site users - IMPORTANT METRIC FOR COMMERCIAL
Visual quality - concerned with aesthetic views from the site to surrounding areas, the visual quality of the site itself
What are land use regulations
local plans, code and other guidance, policies or documents adopted by localities to regulate development and land-use
Historic preservation controls might include
designated districts, zoning overlays, special architectural controls
If you fail to meet setback requirements you can
redesign, request rezoning, apply for a variance
What regulatory zoning controls would impact population density and single family residential areas
minimum lot size
not setbacks because -
not % of lot coverage because -
Not FAR because -?
Potential land use yield in a residential setting is known as
dwelling units per acre
