Cultural Determinats of International Management Flashcards
Three main people associated with Culture
Hofstede
Trompaneers
Morrison
Culture is
shared, intagible, confirmed by others
What country overplayed the role of culture in economic success
Japan
What are Morrison facets of culture?
Outward Expressions
Value & beliefs
Norms
Communication
What are the origins of culture
Nation sates
Social and Ethnic groups
Religions
Language & comm
What company made a mistake in terms of its slogan
Pepsi
Two types of cultures
Low and High Conext
What is High Context
Info conveyed non verbally eg Japan
Low context
Info conveyed by expression eg Swiss
Hofstedes Dimensions
- Indulgence vs Restraint
- Long vs Short Term
- Male vs Female
- Uncertainty
- Individualism
- Power Disatnce
Characterisitics of High Power Distances
Great Centraliastion
Tall heirarchies
More supervised
Big wage diff
Eg Japan, Mexico
Characterisitics of Low Power Distances
Less Centraliastion
Small heirarchies
Less supervised
Small wage diff
Eg Sweden , Norway
Characteristics of Low Uncertainty avoidance
Less structuring of activities Fewer rules More generalists Variability Great willingness to take risk
Eg US , UK
Uncertainty avoidance - high
More structuring of activities More rules More specialists Standardization Less willingness to take risk
Eg Japan , Greece
Extent to which the self or group constitutes the center point of identification for the person
Individualism
Individualism Low
Organisation as
family
Organisation defends employee interests
Practices based on loyalty & group participation
Eg Colombia
Individualism High
Organisation is more impersonal Employees defend own interests Practices encourage individual initiative
Eg Uk US
Examples of MNC with feminine culture
Volvo & Saab
Masculinity High
Gender roles differentiated Organisations may interfere to protect interests Fewer women in jobs Aggression, competition rewarded Work valued as central life interest
Eg Japan , italy
Masculinity Low
Gender roles minimized Organisations don’t interfere to protect interests More women in jobs Soft, intuitive skills rewarded Social rewards are valued
Eg Scandinavian
The persistence as well as traditional respect of social
obligations is ?
Long Term Orientation (LTO)
Egs of LTO High
China , Hong Kong
as the extent to which people try to control their desires and impulses, based on the way they were raised.
Indulgence vs Restraint
Hofstedes Criticisms
single company data
Time dependent
Business cultures not values
