Cultrual Variations In Attachment

Question 1

Culture

Answer 1

A set of norms, traditions, beliefs and values shared by a large group of people.

Question 2

Individualist culture

Answer 2

Typically western, and emphasise independence, individuality and autonomy at the expense of group goals, resulting in strong sense of competition

Question 3

Collectivist culture

Answer 3

Typically eastern, and emphasise group membership, interdependence and cooperation.

Question 4

Cultural variations

Answer 4

Differences in norms and values that exist between people in different groups. We are concerned with the difference in proportion of children of different attachment types

Question 5

What behaviour do collectivist cultures show?

Answer 5

Less anti-social behaviour

Question 6

What behaviour do individualistic cultures show?

Answer 6

More anti-social behaviour

Question 7

What was the aim of Van Lijzendoorn and Kroonenberg (1988)?

Answer 7

Conduct a study to find out the proportion of different attachment types in different countries. Whether there was variation between countries.

Question 8

What was the procedure for Van Lijzendoorn and Kroonenberg (1988)?

Answer 8

32 studies collected and analyses. All studies used the strange situation procedure. Over 2000 participants in over 8 countries

Question 9

What were the similarities found out by Van Lijzendoorn and Kroonenberg (1988)?

Answer 9

-Secure attachment most common in all countries
-Highest proportion was in Great Britain

Question 10

What were the finings of Van Lijzendoorn and Kroonenberg (1988) involving avoidant attachments?

Answer 10

• Higher proportion of avoidant attachment in individualistic cultures
  -most common in western Germany 35%
  -High proportion in collectivist cultures
  -Highest promotion in Japan 27% and Israel 29%

Question 11

What were the finding involving the differences in cultures in Van Lijzendoorn and Kroonenberg (1988)?

Answer 11

One of the Japanese studies shows no avoidant attachment babies, where as the second found around 20%

Question 12

What was the conclusion of Van Lijzendoorn and Kroonenberg (1988)?

Answer 12

Secure attachments seem to be the norm in a wide range of cultures, supporting Bowlby’s idea that attachment is innate and universal. However it also shows cultural practises have an influence on attachment types. Individuates bring up Independence and collectivist being up dependency .