CUE 2 - Urban Forms

Question 1

Define mega city, and meta city

Answer 1

Mega city is a population of more than 10 million

Meta more than 20 million

Question 2

How many megacities in 1990?

How many predicted by 2025?

Answer 2

Currently 10

Predicted 37

Question 3

What is the most populated city? What is population?

Answer 3

Tokyo - 38 million people

Question 4

What is a world city?

Answer 4

A city with large global influence

Either economically or socially

Question 5

What are the characteristics of a world city?

Answer 5

Multifunctional infrastructure 
Many services 
Headquaters to many multinational organisations 
Inovation culturally and politically 
Global descison maker

Question 6

Give four types of global hubs that would make a city more influential as a global city

Answer 6

Buisness hub
Production hub
Poltical hub
Migration hub

Question 7

Give an example of an alpha ++ city

Answer 7

London

Question 8

How important is a gamma world city?

Answer 8

Still important but link smaller regions together, e.g st petersberg

Question 9

What factors traditionally effected urban morphology?

Answer 9

Topography
I.e. Relief of the land
Acsess to water ways
Flat land for ease of building

Question 10

Why is topography now less of a restriction to urban morphology? What is now the main factor shaping urban morphology?

Answer 10

Humans have the capability to overcome the challenges posed by topography
Main factors now are human factors i.e. Land value

Question 11

Describe the typical urban morphology, relating it to land value costs

Answer 11

Land value highest in CBD hence only large chains could set up here.
Land value decreases going outwards, so smaller buisnesses can be found here
Drastically changed by the opening of out of town shopping centres

Question 12

What were the push factors that led to deindustrialisation and dereliction?

Answer 12

High parking costs
Congestion
Unsafe and dirty perception
Suffered due to online shopping

Question 13

Give five strategies to tackle decentralisation

Answer 13

Beautification 
All weather shopping facilities 
Improve public transport 
Town centre mixed development 
Functions rather than retailing 
Cultura quarters e.g. Museums

Question 14

What is gentrification?

Answer 14

Wealthy individuals who buy land in run down areas and improve it

Question 15

What are the causes of gentrification?

Answer 15

The rent gap, where house prices are lower than there actual value as a result of housing market faults
Pioneer image, new trendy areas within cities e.g. SoHo
More people living without children and therefore wanting to stay in urban areas

Question 16

What are the advantages of gentrification?

Answer 16

Greater prosperity
More tax payed
Improvement to physical environment
Employment oppurtunies

Question 17

What are the disadvantages of gentrification

Answer 17

Low income citizens forced out = more social segregation
More congestion
Low order services
Orginal dwellers see incomers as a threat

Question 18

What is a fortress settlement?

Answer 18

Areas designed with secruity in mind due to crime paranioa

Cctv gated communities and mosquito alarms

Question 19

As opposed to hard stratagies what else can be used in fortress landscapes to reduce crime?

Answer 19

Architectural stratagies
More windows
Less alleyways

Question 20

What is the ethical concern of fortress communities?

Answer 20

Increases the amount of segregation between the rich and poor

Question 21

Give a location with a fortress communities.

Answer 21

LA

I.E. the LAPD survelliance tower

Question 22

What is an edge city?

Answer 22

Suburbanisation taken to the extreme, where thesuburban area has all the required infrastructure many people will have no need to leave the edge city,
LA has 20 and holds 18 million in them
Extreme social segregation as it is the rich that can afford to live there

Question 23

What is a post modern western city?

Answer 23

The mixing of different artistic ideas and architecture 
Greater independence of settlements 
Producer services 
Eclectic architecture 
More diverse

Question 24

Describe cultural and heritage quaters

Answer 24

Focus on history and the character if place
Theatres, galleries, historical buildings
Often built from ex industrial locations

Question 25

Describe town centre mixed development

Answer 25

Areas where land use are mixed
Residential commercial and leisure
Aims to attract people back to the CBD