CUE 2 - Urban Forms Flashcards
Define mega city, and meta city
Mega city is a population of more than 10 million
Meta more than 20 million
How many megacities in 1990?
How many predicted by 2025?
Currently 10
Predicted 37
What is the most populated city? What is population?
Tokyo - 38 million people
What is a world city?
A city with large global influence
Either economically or socially
What are the characteristics of a world city?
Multifunctional infrastructure Many services Headquaters to many multinational organisations Inovation culturally and politically Global descison maker
Give four types of global hubs that would make a city more influential as a global city
Buisness hub
Production hub
Poltical hub
Migration hub
Give an example of an alpha ++ city
London
How important is a gamma world city?
Still important but link smaller regions together, e.g st petersberg
What factors traditionally effected urban morphology?
Topography
I.e. Relief of the land
Acsess to water ways
Flat land for ease of building
Why is topography now less of a restriction to urban morphology? What is now the main factor shaping urban morphology?
Humans have the capability to overcome the challenges posed by topography
Main factors now are human factors i.e. Land value
Describe the typical urban morphology, relating it to land value costs
Land value highest in CBD hence only large chains could set up here.
Land value decreases going outwards, so smaller buisnesses can be found here
Drastically changed by the opening of out of town shopping centres
What were the push factors that led to deindustrialisation and dereliction?
High parking costs
Congestion
Unsafe and dirty perception
Suffered due to online shopping
Give five strategies to tackle decentralisation
Beautification All weather shopping facilities Improve public transport Town centre mixed development Functions rather than retailing Cultura quarters e.g. Museums
What is gentrification?
Wealthy individuals who buy land in run down areas and improve it
What are the causes of gentrification?
The rent gap, where house prices are lower than there actual value as a result of housing market faults
Pioneer image, new trendy areas within cities e.g. SoHo
More people living without children and therefore wanting to stay in urban areas
What are the advantages of gentrification?
Greater prosperity
More tax payed
Improvement to physical environment
Employment oppurtunies
What are the disadvantages of gentrification
Low income citizens forced out = more social segregation
More congestion
Low order services
Orginal dwellers see incomers as a threat
What is a fortress settlement?
Areas designed with secruity in mind due to crime paranioa
Cctv gated communities and mosquito alarms
As opposed to hard stratagies what else can be used in fortress landscapes to reduce crime?
Architectural stratagies
More windows
Less alleyways
What is the ethical concern of fortress communities?
Increases the amount of segregation between the rich and poor
Give a location with a fortress communities.
LA
I.E. the LAPD survelliance tower
What is an edge city?
Suburbanisation taken to the extreme, where thesuburban area has all the required infrastructure many people will have no need to leave the edge city,
LA has 20 and holds 18 million in them
Extreme social segregation as it is the rich that can afford to live there
What is a post modern western city?
The mixing of different artistic ideas and architecture Greater independence of settlements Producer services Eclectic architecture More diverse
Describe cultural and heritage quaters
Focus on history and the character if place
Theatres, galleries, historical buildings
Often built from ex industrial locations
Describe town centre mixed development
Areas where land use are mixed
Residential commercial and leisure
Aims to attract people back to the CBD
