CUE 1 - urbanisation

Question 1

State the % of people living in urban areas in: 1960, current and 2050 predicted

Answer 1

1960 34%
2014 54%
2050 66%

Question 2

Define urbanisation

Answer 2

The process by which an increasing proportion of people are living in urban areas

Question 3

Give the two main causes of urbanisation

Answer 3

Natural growth

Rural to urban migration

Question 4

List the pull factors for rural to urban migrations

Answer 4

More opportunities for employment
Informal sector work
Better social infrastructure i.e. Hospitals
Better quality of life

Question 5

Give the push factors for rural to urban migration

Answer 5

Over farming
Poor infrastructure
Cash crops mean traditional agricukture is unsustainable
Natural disaters

Question 6

Why does rural urban migration lead to greater natural growth?

Answer 6

Most migrants are in their fertile years and hence have more children, 22-29 age bracket tripled in last 50 years

Question 7

What is urban sprawl?

Answer 7

The spread of an area into the surrondinf countryside

Question 8

Give some negative impacts of urban sprawl

Answer 8

Greater costs for infrastructure
Loss of habitat for wildlife
Traffic congestion
Loss of agricultural land means food miles increase
More impermable surfaces = more chance of flooding

Question 9

What is deindustrialisation?

Answer 9

The process by which industry moves out of the city centre, shopping centres popup on the outskirts of cities, leads to the decline of the central buisness district

Question 10

The urban issue of housing shortages leads to what problem?

Answer 10

Informal or squatter settlements

Question 11

Give reason why squatter settlements are often found on the edge of a city, give the problems this can cause

Answer 11

Land value is low

Because it is potentially dangerous and pollution is high

Question 12

How many people are living in slum housing right now? Why is this figure inaccurate?

Answer 12

863 million

Inaccurate because no cenus of informal accomidation

Question 13

Identify describe and evaluate three stratagies for dealing with slum housing.

Answer 13

1) remove slum, simply knock it down, bad as simply moves problem elsewhere
2) self help schemes, provide the slum dwellers with materials and give legal ownership, allows higher quakity of infrastructure to build up, health improves with better sanitation
3) slum upgrade, NGO’s e.g. Shack dwellers international, allows people to learn how to improve their own environment, focus on secruing rights, again better health etc

Question 14

Outline as many facts about tower of david caracas venezula as you can relating to housing shortage as an urban issue

Answer 14

2007 skyscraper mid construction was occupied by squatters
5000 occupants
Gyms hair dressers built
Electrcity and water avaliable
Own government like system,
But expected to be very highly gang related i.e. Drug trafficking

Question 15

What are the consequences of poor waste disposal within an urban area?

Answer 15

Congestion, water pollution (via leaching), and disease spreading

Question 16

Give an example of how the people of nairobi limit the amount of waste

Answer 16

Old car tyres turned into shoes

Question 17

Why does rapid urban growth lead to more unemployment?

Answer 17

More pressure on the supply of jobs

Question 18

Why does undermployment increase as a result of urban growth ?

Answer 18

Because many migrants take jobs in higher skilled work thus reducing the avaliability, therefore people work in jobs that require qulifications less than that of their own

Question 19

What five issues are associated with urbanisation?

Answer 19

1) urban sprawl
2) housing shortages
3) lack of waste disposal
4) unemployment
5) transport issues

Question 20

What is suburbansation?

Answer 20

Movement of people from the inner city to living on the outer edges of cities

Question 21

Spanning from 1930s till 1980s give breif timeline of suburbanisation

Answer 21

1930s - ribbon developement, houses are built alongside main roads
1940s green belts invented due to growing concern at growth rate
1950s and 60s green belts built upon
1980s idea of the “leafy suburbs becomes more popular hence more suburbanisation

Question 22

Give two negatives of suburbanisation

Answer 22

High cost of commuting and higher house prices, mean only the wealthy leave. = social segregation
Funding is diverted away from the inner city more to the suburbs leads to less money for the cbd

Question 23

What is counter urbanisation?

Answer 23

The movement of people from urban areas into smaller rural settlements leap frogging the rural urban fringe

Question 24

What are the causes of counterurbanisation?

Answer 24

Desire to escape city living e.g. Pollution and crime
Rural idol
More car ownerships lead to greater mobility
Technology improves meaning more people can work from home

Question 25

What are the structural effects of counter urbanisation?

Answer 25

Modern housing built = sense of place changed
Small industrial estates built
Green spaces built on
Renovation of agricultural buildings

Question 26

Give two causes of conflict in suburbanised villages

Answer 26

Local shoos close, new comers can afford to commute to city to get food
Forces younger local generation out, as house prices rise, changes the demographic

Question 27

What is urban resurgance?

Answer 27

The economic and structural regeneration of an urban area, ater facing decline

Question 28

What are the causes of urban resurgence?

Answer 28

Gentrification
Deindustrialied places re invent themselves
Formation if fashionable quarters
Governement shemes e.g. London olympics

Question 29

What is the main benefit of urban resurgence?

Answer 29

The multiplier effect

Question 30

What are the disadvantages of urban resurgence?

Answer 30

Displacement of low income people

Greater inequality socially

Question 31

What is the dead heart syndrome?

Answer 31

Where parts of inner city detroit faced severe decline and deindustrialisation

Question 32

Give some facts about the new york city high line as am example of urban resurgence

Answer 32

1.5 mile rail track renivated into a park
Artists displayed their work, attracts 5 million people annually
Multiplier effecf of nearby businesses