CT Proper Flashcards
What are the four classes of connective tissues?
Embryonic Adult CT Proper Adult Supporting Connective Tissue
What are the two types of embryonic connective tissues?
Mesenchyme Mucous connective tissue
What are the two main types and their subtypes of connective tissue proper?
LCT… areolar… adipose…. reticular… DCT…. DRCT…..DICT… Elastic CT…
What are the two types of supportive connective tissue?
Cartilage and bone
What is an alternative organization scheme for connective tissues?
CT proper = loose (areolar), and dense (regular and irregular) Specialized connective tissue = mucous, adipose, reticular, elastic, cartilage, and bone
What are some functions of connective tissue?
support protection and defense storage transport
What is the difference between CT and the other types of tissue?
Others are either: Supported on CT (epithelium), Invaginated into CT (glandular epithelium), Embedded in CT (blood vessels, muscles, and nerves), CT makes up the stroma of the organs
What is connective tissue composed of?
Cells and their extracellular matrix
What is the ECM made of?
fibers and ground substance
What is the difference in the composition of LCT and DCT extracellular matrix?
LCT - less fibers and more ground substance
DCT - more fibers and less ground substance
What are the two types of adult fluid CT?
Blood and lymph
What is the ground substance mainly made of?
Water to allow diffusion between tissues
Stabilized by GAG (anionic hydrophilic complexes)
What is the ground substance like in blood, skeletal tissue, and cartilage?
Plasma (liquid)
Mineralized deposition of calcium salts
Solid but more cushony than bone
What are the four types of fibers in connective tissue? Describe them.
Type I - forms thick fibers 90% of collagen in body, resistant to tension and stretch
Type II - HYALINE CARTILAGE and ELASTIC CARTILAGE
Type III - RETICULAR FIBERS, form delicate supporting meshworks
Type IV - BASAL LAMINA of BASEMENT MEMBRANE
Type IV forms networks while I-III form fibrils
Describe elastic fibers of connective tissue.
Made from elastin protein
Very thin, small, and branching, less tensile strength than collagen.
These allow for stretch and recoil in artery walls. abundant in lungs, bladder, and skin.
Which two fibers require special stains to be seen?
Elastic (elastic) and reticular (silver)
How is a collagen bundle formed?
Tropocollagen molecule (triple helix of polypeptides, 2 of one, one of another) —-> collagen fibril —-> collagen fiber —-> collagen bundle
What type of fibers are these?
Collagen and Elastic fibers
What types of fiber is shown here?
Reticular
What are some examples of cells of connective tissue?
Fibroblasts (active) nuclei are dense, cytoplasm slightly basophilic
Fibrocytes (inactive, resting) fewer processes, minimal cytoplasm
Macrophages (Fixed/Wandering)
Plasma cells (differentiated from B lymphocytes)
Mast cells (have basophilic granules in cytoplasm)
Adipocytes (occur singly or in groups)
Neutrophils and other white blood cells
What cell is this? Describe its features and functions.
FIBROBLAST
Large nucleus
Abundant RER
Golgi apparatus
Can produce all parts of ECM
Closeness to collagen fibers can make it difficult to see shape in LM
What type of CT cell is this? Describe its features and functions.
Macrophage (also called histiocytes)
Derived from monocytes
phagocytic
Many lysosomes and ingested matter
finger-like projections of the cell obvious
What types of cell is this?
Plasma cell
Nucleus is set off to one side in the cell
Produce antibodies
Lots of RER and Golgi apparatus
What types of cells are these? Features and functions?
Plasma cell
Nucleus is set off to one side in the cell
Produce antibodies
Lots of RER and Golgi apparatus
What type of cell is this? Features and functions?
Mast cell
many large granules of heparin and histamine
What cells are these? Features and functions?
’Fat cells ‘
Nucleus is pushed to the edge of the cell
Cells can be variable in size
White (unilocular) adipose tissue = Most abundant
Brown (multilocular) adipose tissue = More common in newborns
What type of CT is this?
Adult CT proper, Loose CT, White adipose tissue
What type of adipose tissue are these?
Brown and Beige adipose tissue
Brown adipose tissue is well
vascularized and rich in mitochondria
It releases heat in response to
sympathetic activity. Non-shivering thermiogenesis
Look at hweere humans have brown adipose.
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What is this a picture of?
Brown and white adipose tissue
What is this a picture of?
Adult CT proper: loose CT: Reticular connective tissue
Reticular cells (= Fibroblasts)
Reticular fibers thin and wiggly
Silver stain
this is a lymph node
What is this a picture of?
CT proper: Loose CT: Areolar CT
Papillary region of dermis layer of skin
What is this a picture of?
Adult CT proper: Dense CT: Irregular CT (collagenous)
DERMIS
What is this a picture of?
Adult CT: Dense CT: Regular CT (collagenous)
Tendon
What is this a picture of?
CT proper: Dense CT: Elastic CT
SEE ELASTIC FIBERS
Aorta
