CT Proper

Question 1

What are the four classes of connective tissues?

Answer 1

Embryonic Adult CT Proper Adult Supporting Connective Tissue

Question 2

What are the two types of embryonic connective tissues?

Answer 2

Mesenchyme Mucous connective tissue

Question 3

What are the two main types and their subtypes of connective tissue proper?

Answer 3

LCT… areolar… adipose…. reticular… DCT…. DRCT…..DICT… Elastic CT…

Question 4

What are the two types of supportive connective tissue?

Answer 4

Cartilage and bone

Question 5

What is an alternative organization scheme for connective tissues?

Answer 5

CT proper = loose (areolar), and dense (regular and irregular) Specialized connective tissue = mucous, adipose, reticular, elastic, cartilage, and bone

Question 6

What are some functions of connective tissue?

Answer 6

support protection and defense storage transport

Question 7

What is the difference between CT and the other types of tissue?

Answer 7

Others are either: Supported on CT (epithelium), Invaginated into CT (glandular epithelium), Embedded in CT (blood vessels, muscles, and nerves), CT makes up the stroma of the organs

Question 8

What is connective tissue composed of?

Answer 8

Cells and their extracellular matrix

Question 9

What is the ECM made of?

Answer 9

fibers and ground substance

Question 10

What is the difference in the composition of LCT and DCT extracellular matrix?

Answer 10

LCT - less fibers and more ground substance

DCT - more fibers and less ground substance

Question 11

What are the two types of adult fluid CT?

Answer 11

Blood and lymph

Question 12

What is the ground substance mainly made of?

Answer 12

Water to allow diffusion between tissues

Stabilized by GAG (anionic hydrophilic complexes)

Question 13

What is the ground substance like in blood, skeletal tissue, and cartilage?

Answer 13

Plasma (liquid)

Mineralized deposition of calcium salts

Solid but more cushony than bone

Question 14

What are the four types of fibers in connective tissue? Describe them.

Answer 14

Type I - forms thick fibers 90% of collagen in body, resistant to tension and stretch

Type II - HYALINE CARTILAGE and ELASTIC CARTILAGE

Type III - RETICULAR FIBERS, form delicate supporting meshworks

Type IV - BASAL LAMINA of BASEMENT MEMBRANE

Type IV forms networks while I-III form fibrils

Question 15

Describe elastic fibers of connective tissue.

Answer 15

Made from elastin protein

Very thin, small, and branching, less tensile strength than collagen.

These allow for stretch and recoil in artery walls. abundant in lungs, bladder, and skin.

Question 16

Which two fibers require special stains to be seen?

Answer 16

Elastic (elastic) and reticular (silver)

Question 17

How is a collagen bundle formed?

Answer 17

Tropocollagen molecule (triple helix of polypeptides, 2 of one, one of another) —-> collagen fibril —-> collagen fiber —-> collagen bundle

Question 18

What type of fibers are these?

Answer 18

Collagen and Elastic fibers

Question 19

What types of fiber is shown here?

Answer 19

Reticular

Question 20

What are some examples of cells of connective tissue?

Answer 20

Fibroblasts (active) nuclei are dense, cytoplasm slightly basophilic

Fibrocytes (inactive, resting) fewer processes, minimal cytoplasm

Macrophages (Fixed/Wandering)

Plasma cells (differentiated from B lymphocytes)

Mast cells (have basophilic granules in cytoplasm)

Adipocytes (occur singly or in groups)

Neutrophils and other white blood cells

Question 21

What cell is this? Describe its features and functions.

Answer 21

FIBROBLAST

Large nucleus

Abundant RER

Golgi apparatus

Can produce all parts of ECM

Closeness to collagen fibers can make it difficult to see shape in LM

Question 22

What type of CT cell is this? Describe its features and functions.

Answer 22

Macrophage (also called histiocytes)

Derived from monocytes

phagocytic

Many lysosomes and ingested matter

finger-like projections of the cell obvious

Question 23

What types of cell is this?

Answer 23

Plasma cell

Nucleus is set off to one side in the cell

Produce antibodies

Lots of RER and Golgi apparatus

Question 24

What types of cells are these? Features and functions?

Answer 24

Plasma cell

Nucleus is set off to one side in the cell

Produce antibodies

Lots of RER and Golgi apparatus

Question 25

What type of cell is this? Features and functions?

Answer 25

Mast cell

many large granules of heparin and histamine

Question 26

What cells are these? Features and functions?

Answer 26

’Fat cells ‘

Nucleus is pushed to the edge of the cell

Cells can be variable in size

White (unilocular) adipose tissue = Most abundant

Brown (multilocular) adipose tissue = More common in newborns

Question 27

What type of CT is this?

Answer 27

Adult CT proper, Loose CT, White adipose tissue

Question 28

What type of adipose tissue are these?

Answer 28

Brown and Beige adipose tissue

Brown adipose tissue is well

vascularized and rich in mitochondria

It releases heat in response to

sympathetic activity. Non-shivering thermiogenesis

Question 29

Look at hweere humans have brown adipose.

Answer 29

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Question 30

What is this a picture of?

Answer 30

Brown and white adipose tissue

Question 31

What is this a picture of?

Answer 31

Adult CT proper: loose CT: Reticular connective tissue

Reticular cells (= Fibroblasts)

Reticular fibers thin and wiggly

Silver stain

this is a lymph node

Question 32

What is this a picture of?

Answer 32

CT proper: Loose CT: Areolar CT

Papillary region of dermis layer of skin

Question 33

What is this a picture of?

Answer 33

Adult CT proper: Dense CT: Irregular CT (collagenous)

DERMIS

Question 34

What is this a picture of?

Answer 34

Adult CT: Dense CT: Regular CT (collagenous)

Tendon

Question 35

What is this a picture of?

Answer 35

CT proper: Dense CT: Elastic CT

SEE ELASTIC FIBERS

Aorta