Bone Marrow and Blood Flashcards
What are the two components of bloow?
Plasma: molecules
Formed elements: cells
Describe the erythrocyte.
biconcave disc
most abundant formed element
anucleate when mature
contains hemoglobin
120 day lifespan
What are leukocytes divided into?
Granulocytes: neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils
Agranulocytes: lymphocytes and monocytes
What is the large cell inthis picture?
Neutrophil
Most abundant leukocyte
‘Neutral loving’
- Granules are small and evenly distributes through cytoplasm
- At least two lobes connected by strands of nuclear material
- Phagocytic function against microbes
- High numbers in response to bacterial infection, burns, inflammation
What is this a picture of? Some features
Neutrophil
Azurophilic (primary) granules (purple)
Specific (secondary) granules (black)
Few organelles
Nucleus lobes connectes by strand of nuclear material
What is this a picture of? Features and functions?
- About the same size as neutrophils
- Large uniform-sized granules that stain
with acidic dyes
- Granules do not obscure the nucleus
- Nucleus has two lobes
- Associated with allergic reactions, inflammation, and parasitic infections
- Can act as phagocytes
What is this a picture of? Features?
Eosinophil
Bilobed nucleus
Coffee bean granules
What is this a picture of? Features?
-Basophil
Least abundant of the white blood cells
- About the same size as neutrophils
- Very large granules, stained with basic dye.
- Granules often obscure the bilobed nucleus in smears
- Release heparin, histamine, and serotonin in allergic reactions.
- Intensify inflammation response.
- Similar to mast cells.
What is in this picture? Features?
Basophilic granules are very large, and numerous
Some secretory granules contain
myelin figures
What are these a picture of?
Lymphocyte
No granules
- Small, medium, and large forms
- Large, darkly staining nucleus occupying most of the cell
- In small type the cytoplasm resembles
a thin blue crescentic rim surrounding the nucleus
- T and B types are indistinguishable in blood smears.
NK cells are largest
What is this a picture of?
Lymphocyte (small)
notice no granules
What is this a picture of? Features?
Monocyte (agranulocyte)
- Largest of the white blood cells (18 microns in diameter)
- These are the precursors of the cells of the
mononuclear phagocytic system (Macrophages in CT,
Kupffer cells in liver, Langerhans cells in epidermis of skin)
- Nucleus is more indented than for Lymphocytes
- Phagocytes
What is this a picture of? Features?
Monocyte
Kidney shaped nucleus
No granules
What are the tiny purple dots in this picture?
Thrombocytes (Platelets)
- Small membrane-bound cytoplasmic fragments
- Anucleate
- Derived from large polyploid cells called Megakaryocytes
- Lifespan is only about 10 days
- Important in blood clotting in association with fibrin threads
Hyalomere: outer region.
Shape maintained by a ring of microtubules in periphery
Granulomere: Central region with organelles
Open system of canals
What is this? Features?
Thrombocyte
Anucleate
Plasma membrane covered by thick glycocalyx
Open network of interconnected channels
Some things to know about hematopoiesis?
- Myeloid stem cells
Proerythroblasts à Erythrocytes
Myeloblasts à Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils
Monoblasts à Monocytes
Megakaryoblasts à Thrombocytes
- Lymphoid stem cells
Lymphoblasts à Lymphocytes
What is this a picture of?
Red bone marrow
Red and Yellow types, dependent on percentage of fat cells that are present
Red bone marrow
- Highly vascularized
- Between trabeculae of spongy bone
- In axial skeleton, girdle bones, and
proximal epiphyses of humerus and femur
- In newborns, all bone marrow is red
Hemopoietic growth factors are hormones produced by the kidneys that stimulate the proliferation of the progenitor cells
(e.g. Erythropoietin and Thrombopoietin)
Identify the letters.
E = Endosteum
H = Haversian canal
M = Megakaryocyte
O = Osteocyte
V = Volkmann’s canal
Cells in formation of RBC? Mneumonic to remember?
1 = Proerythroblast
Large round cells with minimal cytoplasm with a
large nucleus and several small nucleoli
2 = Basophilic erythroblast
Large but not very dense nucleus and basophilic cytoplasm
3 = Polychromatophilic erythroblast
More condensed nucleus. More variable color of cytoplasm
4 = Normoblast (Orthochromatophilic/Acidophilic erythroblast)
Most recognizable stage. Small dark nuclei. Reddish cytoplasm
They extrude the nucleus.
5 = Reticulocyte
Immature red blood cell, no nucleus but with network of rRNA
6 = Erythrocyte
Pretty
Blue
Ponies
Normally
Reside
Elsewhere
What is this a picture of?
A normoblast ejecting its nucleus
Other organelles to be extruded eventually as well.
