CSN And Motor System

Question 1

Locus ceruleus

Answer 1

In the reticular activating system : start of the mesolimbic dopamine pathway

Question 2

Olfactory transduction

Answer 2

Odorant molecules binding: G-protein activation : activation of adenyl cyclase : increase of cAMP: opening of ion channels

Question 3

Locations of 2 types of memory

Answer 3

Declarative memory:
Short term : hippocampus and other temporal lobe structures
Long term (after consolidation): areas of the association cortex
Procedural memory:
Short term: widely spread
Long term: basal nuclei, cerebellum, premotor complex

Question 4

Everything you know on language

Answer 4

90% left hemisphere
Aphasia: language deficit
Articulation aphasia : Broca’s area
Comprehension aphasia: Wernicke’s area

Question 5

Two types of motor behavior

Answer 5

Voluntary

Reflexive: all the time, even just to stay stand up

Question 6

3 types of spinal reflexes

Answer 6

Withdrawal reflexes : protects limbs from injury
Stretch reflexes: controls muscle length
Inverse stretch reflexes: controls muscle tension

Question 7

Pain and temperature sensory input?

Answer 7

Anterolateral column

Question 8

Types of afférents in muscle spindles

Answer 8

II (secondary): gives info about static length of the muscle (nuclear chain fibers)

Ia: signal dynamic changes in muscle length (and some static length) (nuclear bag fibers)

Question 9

Muscle tone

Answer 9

Résistance au stretch

Question 10

Basal nuclei

Answer 10

Needed to determine the specific sequences of movements needed to accomplish a desired action

Question 11

Corps calleux

Answer 11

Corpus callosum

Question 12

Fourth ventricule

Answer 12

Between brain stem and cerebellum

Question 13

Foramen

Answer 13

Between lateral and third: foramen de Monro
Third and fourth : cerebral aqueduc (midbrain)
Fourth to outside: foramen de Lushka and Magendie

Question 14

Feet that generate space in subarachnoid space

Answer 14

Trabeculae

Question 15

2 vertebral arteries form:

Answer 15

Basilar artery

Question 16

2 laws of perception

Answer 16

Law of specific nerve energies

Law of projection

Question 17

Hyperalgesia

Answer 17

Lower threshold for pain ( augmentation de la sensibilité après un dommage)

Question 18

Hydrocephalus

Answer 18

Accumulation of CSL in the cortex ( communicating or non$communicating)

Question 19

Analgesia: d’où vient l’info

Answer 19

Descending pathways starting from the brain stem. Inhibits the 2nd order neuron. But also the presynaptic neuron with opiate NT (like morphine)

Question 20

Lateral geniculate nucleus

Answer 20

Relay center for visual info before going into occipital lobe (but it’s after the optic chiasm)

Question 21

Pinna

Answer 21

Cartilage de ton oreille

Question 22

Quel nerf pour info auditive et vestibulaire?

Answer 22

8th cranial nerve

info d’une oreille va dans les deux primary auditory cortex

Question 23

Limbic system

Answer 23

Hippocampus : link entre mémoire et émotions
Amygdale: emotional responses
Olfactory bulb

Question 24

Afferents of muscle lengths

Answer 24

Ia (primary): notices fast changes of muscle lengths and some static length
II (secondary): signal static muscle length

Question 25

Organ of Corti

Answer 25

Ou tectorial membrane + hair cells dans inner ear

Question 26

Ou info gustative va

Answer 26

Ipsilateral gustatory cortex