Csf Continuation

Question 1

Normal Glucose with High Lymphocytes –

Answer 1

VIRAL MENINGITIS

Question 2

Low glucose with High neutrophils – indicative of

Answer 2

BACTERIAL MENINGITIS

Question 3

Low glucose with High Lymphocytes suggestive to

Answer 3

TUBERCULAR MENINGITIS AND FUNGAL MENINGITIS

Question 4

Valuable aid in the diagnosis and management of meningitis cases

Answer 4

Csf lactate

Question 5

Inversely proportional to glucose

Answer 5

Csf lactate

Question 6

Normal csf lactate

Answer 6

10-22 mg/dL

Question 7

Produced from ammonia and alpha ketoglutarate by the brain cells

Answer 7

Glutamine

Question 8

The normal concentration of glutamine is

Answer 8

8 to 18 mg/dL

Question 9

75% of children with __________ have elevated glutamine levels

Answer 9

Reye’s syndrome

Question 10

Csf chloride Normal value:

Answer 10

125-135 mg/dl

Question 11

LD 2 and LD 3

Answer 11

Lymphocytes

Question 12

LD 1 and LD 2

Answer 12

Brain tissues

Question 13

LD 4 and LD 5

Answer 13

neutrophil

Question 14

Employed as a CONFIRMATORY rather than a diagnostic procedure

Answer 14

Csf culture

Question 15

there are certain procedures that may serve as a preliminary diagnosis in csf culture

Answer 15

• Gram Stain
• Acid-Fast Stain
• India Ink
• Latex agglutination

Question 16

• Routinely performed on CSF from ALL SUSPECTED cases of meningitis

• Performed on concentrated specimens ONLY

• Recommended for the detection of microorganisms

Answer 16

Gram stain

Question 17

• Not routinely performed

• A positive report is extremely valuable

Answer 17

Acid fast stain

Question 18

Performed with possible cases of FUNGAL Meningitis

Answer 18

India ink

Question 19

India ink detect ___________

Answer 19

Cryptococcus neoformans

Question 20

Cryptococcus neoformans pattern in gram stain

Answer 20

Starburst pattern

Question 21

• Used to detect the presence of Cryptococcus neoformans antigen in serum and CSF
• More sensitive than India Ink

Answer 21

LATEX AGGLUTINATION

Question 22

Primarily used in addition to detecting microorganisms as a tool in diagnosing NEUROSYPHILIS

Answer 22

SEROLOGIC TESTING

Question 23

• RECOMMENDED TEST by the CDC in diagnosing Neurosyphilis.
• Less sensitive than Fluorescent treponemal antibody-absorption (FTA-ABS

Answer 23

VDRL (Veneral Disease Research Laboratories

Question 24

“Positive serologic tests _______ be confirmed by culture and demonstration of the organism in India Ink preparation”

Answer 24

Should

Question 25

Group B Strep and GNB

Answer 25

Birth to 1 month old

Question 26

1month to 5 years old

Answer 26

H.influenzae

Question 27

5 years old to 29 years old

Answer 27

N. meningitidis

Question 28

> 29 years old

Answer 28

S. pneumoniae

Question 29

newborn, elderly

Answer 29

L. monocytogenes

Question 30

Features:

a. Increased WBC count (neutrophil)

b. Increased Protein

c. Decreased Glucose

d. >35 mg/dl lactate

e. (+) bacteria in gram stain

f. (+) Limulus Lysate test

Answer 30

BACTERIAL MENINGITIS

Question 31

Features:

a. Increased WBC count (Lymphocyte)

b. Increased Protein

c. Normal Glucose

d. Normal Lactate

Answer 31

VIRAL MENINGITIS

Question 32

Features:

a. Increased WBC count (Monocyte, Lymphocyte)

b. Increased Protein

c. Decreased Glucose

d. >25 mg/dL Lactate

e. (+) Pellicle Formation/ Clot Formation (in specimen placed in refrigerator for 12-24 hours)

Answer 32

TUBERCULAR MENINGITIS

Question 33

Features:

a. Increased WBC count (Monocyte, Lymphocyte)

b. Increased Protein

c. Decreased Glucose

d. >25 mg/dl Lactate

e. (+) India Ink – demonstration of capsule

Answer 33

FUNGAL MENINGITIS

Question 34

• Caused by free-living amoeba

• Used of Acridine orange stain (amoeba stains brick-red)

• Naegleria fowleri

Answer 34

PRIMARY AMOEBIC MENINGOENCEPHALITIS (PAM)