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Neuro > CSF and types of tissues > Flashcards

CSF and types of tissues Flashcards

1
Q

Divisions of the NS

A

CNS (Brain +spinal cord )
+
PNS (cranial and spinal nerves)

Divided into :
Sensory (afferent division)

Motor (efferent division):
Autonomic (sympathetic and parasympathetic)
Somatic

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2
Q

What is found inside a neurone

A
  • Lots of mitochondria and rER, Golgi apparatus-
  • Cytoplasm p of cell body and axon
  • Nucleus
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3
Q

Why are lots of proteins and ATP produced in the neurone?

A

Has a high metabolic rate

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4
Q

What are the names given to the cytoplasm of the cell body and the axon respectively?

A

cell body: periarkyon

axon: axoplasm

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5
Q

what does the nucleus contain?

A

Lots of loose chromatin

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6
Q

How are neurones defined?

A

Defined as long-living and amiototic

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7
Q

Myelination

A

Neurones covered In a sheath made up of layers and layers of their cell membrane

  • The myelin is used to increase the rate of conduction so that action potentials can jump from one node of ranvier to another= SALTATORY CONDUCTION
  • This is particularly useful in very long neurones
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8
Q

which cells are responsible for myelination of axons

A
  • In the PNS- made by SCHWANN CELLS

- In the CNS- made by OLIGODENDRICITES

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9
Q

Characteristics of white matter

A

Lots of fat = myelin sheath

  • Lots of axons
  • Can be made up of Tracts : bundles of neurones which all carry the same sensory information (MODALITY)
  • Tracts do not mix with each other
  • As you go further up the spinal cord you have more spinal nerves coming in from lower limbs
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10
Q

Characteristics of grey matter

A
  • Lots of neuronal bodies
  • Ventral horn carries neuronal bodies of motor neurones so THICKER than dorsal horn which carries bodies of sensory neurones
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11
Q

what are the names given to neuronal bodies inside and outside of the CNS

A

Inside the CNS: nuclei

Outside of the CNS: ganglia

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12
Q

Types of neurones in the CNS

A

neurones

  • Motor neurones are multipolar
  • Sensory neurones are Pseudounipolar
  • Olfactory mucosa and retinal nerve fibres are bipolar
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13
Q

Types of glial cells inside the CNS

A

In CNS

  • Astrocytes: Most common. Form the Blood brain barrier
  • Oligodendricites: responsible for myelination
  • Microglia: responsable for phagocytosis
  • Ependymal cells: line the ventricles

In PNS

  • Satellite cells
  • Schwann cells : responsible for myelination
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14
Q

Function of the cerebrum

A

seat of consciousness

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15
Q

Function of the cerebellum

A

Responsible for posture and balance

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16
Q

Function of the brainstem

A

Site of pathways and tracts

17
Q

What is a Modality

A

Axonal tract responsible for carrying all the information responsible for one function

18
Q

Pathway of the CSF

A
  • Produced in the choroid plexus into the ventricles
  • From ventricles into the 4th ventricle
  • From 4th ventricle i
  • Through the 4th ventricle into the subarachnoid villi via foramen of Monro and Foramen of Lushka
  • From brain drains into superior sagittal sinus
19
Q

Meninges of the brain and spaces formed

A
  • Dura
  • Arachnoid
  • Pia

subarachnoid space: site of CSF
Subdural space: potential site for blood vessels

20
Q

which is the most vascularised fold of the brain?

A

The pia mater

21
Q

Where are the different ventricles situated

A

Lateral : cerebrum
Third: diencephalon
Cerebral aqueduct: midbrain
Fourth: in between the pons and the medulla (front) and the cerebellum at the back

22
Q

What is found inside the cell body of the neurone?/

A
  • Mitochondria
  • Ribosomes
  • Golgi apparatus

Make ATP- needed as the brain has a HIGH METABOLIC RATE

23
Q

What is the cytoplasm of the axon and of the neuronal cell body called/

A

axon= axoplasm

neuronal body= perikaryon

24
Q

what is the name of groups of cell bodies in the CNS and PNS

A

CNS: nuclei
PNS: ganglia

Neuro (20 decks)

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