Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neuro > Cranial nerves > Flashcards

Cranial nerves Flashcards

1
Q

General properties of cranial nerves

A
  • Soft and squishy
  • Carry many different types of fibres
  • Pass through holes in hard bone
  • They are easily compressed due to tumours, inflammation and fractures
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which kind of fibres pass through cranial nerves

A

Motor fibres:

  • Somatic
  • Visceral

Sensory:

  • Visceral
  • General: from skin and mucous membranes
  • Special: e.g. taste, vision, hearing..
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Olfactory nerve

A
  • Cranial nerve 2
  • Sensory nerve of smell
  • Receptors in the epithelium of nasal cavity
  • Pass through foraminifera pf the crib form plate
  • Into Olfactory bulb of the anterior cranial fossa
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Optic nerve

A

Cranial nerve 3

  • Comes in through optic canal to form optic chiasm
  • Nasal optic fibres cross over to form the optic tract
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Clinical application to CNII

A
  • Increase in pressure of CSF can cause Papilloedema
  • damage to right optic nerve causes ipsilateral eye vision loss
  • damage at optic chiasma causes loss of peripheral vision (bitemporal hemianopsia)
  • Damage to right optic tract causes loss of ipsilateral nasal vision loss and contralateral peripheral/temporal vision loss (homonymous hemianopsia)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Clinical application to CN I

A

Fractured crib form plate can cause olfactory fibres to become damaged causing anosmia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Oculomotor nerve

A

Cranial nerve 3
-From midbrain through superior orbital fissure
-Visceral motor:
parasympathetic to pupil constricts pupil
parasympathetic to ciliary muscle accommodates lens
-Somatic motor
to superior, inferior and medial rectus
To the inferior oblique muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

clinical application to CN 3

A
  • Drooping of eyelid
  • Eyeball pointing outwards and down
  • No accommodation of the lens
  • No pupillary reflex
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Trochlear nerve anatomy and clinical appication

A

Cranial nerve 4

  • From dorsal surface of the the midbrain through the superior oblique muscle
  • somatic motor innervation to to the superior oblique muscle

-Diplopia when looking down

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Abducens nerve

anatomy and clinical application

A

cranial nerve 6

  • From pons and medulla through the superior orbital fissure
  • Somatic motor innervation to lateral oculomotor muscle

-Medial deviation of eye which leads to Diplopia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Trigeminal nerve (ophthalmic )

A

CN V1

  • From pons through to trigeminal ganglion to superior orbital fissure
  • General sensory from the eyelid, scalp, mucosa of the nasal cavity and sinuses, forehead, cornea
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Trigeminal nerve maxillary

A

CN V2

  • From pons through to trigeminal ganglion through to the foramen rotunda
  • general sensory from the maxilla, maxillary teeth, TMJ, Maxillary sinuses and palate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Trigeminal nerve mandibular

A

V3
From pons to trigeminal ganglion through to the foramen vale
-General sensory from the mandibular teeth, TMJ, Mucosa of the mouth, anterior 2/3rds of the tongue
-Somatic motor: muscles of mastication, digastric, tensor velar palatine and tensor tympani

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Clinical application of trigeminal mandibular

A
  • Trigeminal neuralgia
  • Loss of sensation to the face
  • Loss of cornea/sneezing reflex
  • Paralysis to muscles of mastication
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Facial nerve

anatomy

A

CN VII
From between the pons and the medulla it exits via the internal acoustic meatus, the facial canal and the stylomastoid foramen
motor somatic: to muscles of facial expression and scalp, stapedius and part of digastric
Visceral motor:to the submandibular, sublingual, lacrimal and nose and palate glands
Special sensory: anterior 2/3rd of tongue
General sensory: through external acoustic meatus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Facial nerve clinical

A
  • easily prone to damage due to long trajectory through bone

- Bell’s palsy

17
Q

Vestibulococchlear nerve anatomy

A 
CN IX
-From pons and medulla 
-Through internal auditory meatus 
-Special sensory 
postion/balance via semicircular canals, utricle and saccule 
Hearing from cochlea
18
Q

Clinical vestibuloccochlear

A
  • tinnitus
  • vertigo
  • nystagmus
  • deafness
19
Q

Glossopharangeal nerve anatomy

A

Cranial nerve IX
-From medulla through jugular foramen
-Special sensory: posterior 1/3rd of tongue
-Visceral sensory:
carotid body and sinus
-General sensory: cutaneos middle ear and posterior mouth cavity
-Somatic motor : To stylopharangeus: helps with swallowing
-Visceral motor: Parasympathetic to parotid gland

20
Q

Glossopharangeal clinical

A
  • Loss of gag reflex
  • Loss of taste in back of mouth
  • Associated with damage to cranial nerve X,XI
21
Q

Vagus nerve anatomy

A

Cranial Nerve

  • From the medulla to the jugular foramen an then to everywhere
  • Special sensory: auricle and external acoustic meatus
  • general sensory: from auricle and palate
  • Visceral sensory : GI from pharynx to SI, heart, bronchi, trachea
  • Somatic motor: pharynx to oesophagus in GI and palate
  • Visceral motor: Gut, bronchi and heart
22
Q

Vagus nerve clinical

A

Problems with pharyngeal branches lead to problems with swallowing

Problems with larangeal problems lead to problem with speaking

23
Q

Accessory nerve

A

Cranial nerve XI

  • From cranial medulla and large spinal nerve roots through the jugular foramen
  • Somatic motor innervation of the striated muscles of the soft palate, pharynx, larynx, sternocleidomastoid and trapezius

Clinical
-Difficulty turning head and shrugging shoulders

24
Q

Hypoglossal nerve

A

Cranial nerve XII

  • From the medulla through the hypoglossal canal
  • Somatic motor innervation of the muscles of the tongue

Clinical”:

  • Damage associated with a. tonsillectomy
  • Can lead to atrophy and paralysis of ipsilateral side of tongue.
25
Q

nerve supply of tongue?

A

General sensory to the anterior 2/3rd of the tongue: lingual nerve (branch of V3)
General sensory to posterior 1/3rd: glossopharyngeal
Special sensory to anterior 2/3rd: chorda timpani of VII
Special sensory to posterior 1/3rd: CN IX

Neuro (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions