CS Ethics : Religion and Society Term 3 Flashcards
explain situation ethics ?
right and wrong depend upon what is the most loving thing to do in the situation: no universal moral rules or rights - each case is unique and deserves a unique solution.
rejects ‘prefabricated decisions and prescriptive rules’: ethical decisions should follow flexible guidelines rather than absolute rules
approaches ethical problems with some general moral principles rather than a rigorous ethical laws :prepared to give up even those principles if doing so will lead to a greater good.
Explain duty ethics?
Deontological (duty-based) ethics are concerned with what people do, not with the consequences of their actions.
Under this form of ethics you can’t justify an action by showing that it produced good consequences, which is why it’s sometimes called ‘non-Consequentialist’.
Duty-based ethics teaches that some acts are right or wrong because of the sorts of things they are, and people have a duty to act accordingly, regardless of the good or bad consequences that may be produced.
Some kinds of action are wrong or right in themselves, regardless of the
consequences.
Deontologists live in a universe of moral rules, such as:
* It is always wrong to kill innocent people
* It is always wrong to steal
* It is always wrong to tell lies
Explain Utilitarian Ethics ( Consequentialism)?
ethical theory that determines right from wrong by
focusing on outcomes.
It is a form of consequentialism.
differs from ethical theories that make the rightness or wrongness of an action dependent upon the motive of the agent.
Explain Buddhist ethics ?
emphasis is on the intention and the consequences of the action.
Relief from suffering and elimination of the cause of suffering (desire) is central.
The 5 precepts are observed to help develop Right Speech, Action and Livelihood.
● I will not harm living things
● I will not take what is not given
● I will avoid irresponsible and selfish sexual activity
● I will avoid using words in incorrect ways
● I will not take drugs or drink that will confuse the mind
The Buddha said “Refrain from what is bad, do good and purify the heart”
Explain Christian Ethics ?
standards of right and wrong based on
the Bible and teachings of Jesus Christ, the Old + New Testament ,
from the teachings in the Bible on how to conduct
oneself, what God condemns as sinful, and how to treat your fellow man.
ethics is the teachings of Jesus Christ in the Gospels, primarily the Sermon on the Mount, and the Ten Commandments in the Old Testament.
Christians: submit to living a life that adheres to the teachings of Jesus and see ethical and moral living as a way to worship God and serve Jesus: principles affect the decisions that they make and
how they approach and interact with others.
Islamic ethical teaching …?
morality is primarily based on the Quran and the Hadith – the central religious
texts of Islam
kindness (to people and animals), charity,forgiveness, honesty,
patience, justice, respecting parents and elders, keeping promises, and controlling one’s
anger, love of God and those God loves, love of his messenger (Muhammad) and of believers.
The “basic aim” of Islamic morality and ethics is “to achieve” (the Pleasure of God)”[or to
make God’s pleasure “the objective of man’s life”; ….importance of moral behavior reflected in the five Quranic verses calling on Muslims to
enjoin what is right and forbid what is wrong, and hadith that quote Muhammad as saying
‘I was sent to perfect the ethical conduct’.
Explain Islamic Ethics ?
connected to a number of areas of life: including
ritual regulations, rules of social relations, and social organisation.
Islamic law deals prayer, fasting,
alms giving, divorce, slavery, debts,
wills etc
Sha’ria law represents custom and
tradition
