Crude oil substances Flashcards
What is cracking?
Splitting up long chained hydrocarbons
How do you do cracking?
Heat the hydrocarbon into a vapour, then pass it through a powdered catalyst of aluminium oxide, which breaks up the hydrocarbon
What does cracking produce?
An alkane and an alkene
What is the difference between alkanes and alkenes?
Alkenes have a double bond, alkanes don’t
What is the formula for an alkene?
C(n)H(2n)
What are the names of the first two alkenes?
Ethene, Propene
How can you test for an alkene?
By adding bromine water which will turn from brown to colourless as the double bonds open up and attach to the bromine
Why are alkenes unsaturated and alkanes are saturated?
Because alkenes have double bonds, whereas alkanes have used up all of their available bonds
How can you get ethanol from ethene?
By hydrating it with steam in the presence of a catalyst
How can you make ethanol by fermentation?
You use sugar and convert it into ethanol using yeast
How do alkenes make polymers?
By using their double bonds to attach themselves to other alkenes
What are the diagrams for polymers?
https://www.cgpbooks.co.uk/pages/bookspace.asp#/66/zoomed
What can affect a polymer’s properties?
The temperature and pressure of polymerisation
What can polymers be used for?
Lycra, plastic bags, waterproof coats, fillings, wound dressings and memory foam
What are the pros and cons of polymers?
Pros are that they are cheap
Cons are that they don’t rot so just fill up landfill and they use up crude oil
