Atoms and elements Flashcards
What is an atom made up of?
A nucleus made from protons and neutrons, and electrons which move around the nucleus
The number of protons equals…
the number of electrons
What do elements consist of?
One type of atom
What are the vertical columns of elements on the periodic table called and what connects them?
They are groups and the elements have the same number of electrons in their outer shell so have similar properties
What is the top number on the periodic table?
The mass number (total number of protons and neutrons)
What is the bottom number on the periodic table?
The atomic number (number of protons (which equals the number of electrons))
What charge do atoms have?
No charge- they are neutral
How many electrons can be on each shell?
The first can have 2, then the rest can have 8
Which are the lowest energy level shells?
The ones closest to the nucleus
What are compounds?
Different elements bonded together after a reaction
What is an ionic bond?
When a metal loses electrons to become positive and a non-metal gains electrons to become negative so they attract, forming a bond
What is a covalent bond?
When two non metals with incomplete outer shells share electrons to make their outer shells complete
