Crude Oil And Hydrocarbons

Question 1

How are organic compounds separated by fractional distillation

Answer 1

Oil is heated until most has turned into gas, it then enters the fractionating column
When the substances that make up crude oil reach a column where temperature is less than the boiling point, they condense
Longer hydrocarbons have higher boiling points, they drain out of the column earlier on
Bubble caps in the fractionating column stop the separated liquids from running back down the column and remixing

Question 2

What is a use of the refinery gases

Answer 2

Domestic heating and cooking

Question 3

What is a use of gasoline

Answer 3

Fuel in cars

Question 4

What is a use of kerosene

Answer 4

Fuel in aircraft

Question 5

What is a use of diesel

Answer 5

Fuel in some cars and larger vehicles e.g. trains

Question 6

What is a use of fuel oil

Answer 6

Used as fuel for larger ships and power stations

Question 7

What is a use of bitumen

Answer 7

Surface roads and roofs

Question 8

Described the process of cracking and its uses

Answer 8

Longer less useful hydrocarbons are split into short-chain hydrocarbons which can be used in petrol
It is a form of thermal decomposition as it uses heating to break molecules down into simpler molecules
Alkenes are also produces, which are used to make polymers

Question 9

What are the conditions for cracking

Answer 9

600 degrees Celsius-700 degrees Celsius
Alumina and Silica act as catalysts

Question 10

What happens during combustion reactions with fuels

Answer 10

Hydrocarbon + oxygen = carbon Dioxide + water + energy

Question 11

What is produced by incomplete combustion

Answer 11

Carbon monoxide which can reduce oxygen transport around the body by binding to red blood cells, this causes a lack of oxygen to the brain, risking fainting, a coma, or even death
Carbon is also produced in the form of soot

Question 12

What is a fuel

Answer 12

A substance that reacts exothermically with oxygen

Question 13

Describe how acid rain is formed and its effects

Answer 13

When fuels burn, sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides may be produced
When sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides react with water vapour in clouds they produce sulphuric acid and nitric acid
This falls as acid rain
This causes lakes to become acidic and many plants and animals die as a result

Question 14

What is a hydrocarbon

Answer 14

A molecule made up of hydrogen and carbon atoms only