Crude Oil Flashcards
What does fractional distillation do
Separates hydrocarbons
What is crude oil
A fossil fuel and a mixture of a lot of different hydrocarbons which are mostly alkenes
Uses for crude oil
Heavy fuel oil Dorsal Kerosene Petrol Lpg (petroleum gas)
What is cracking
Splitting up long chains of hydrocarbons
Difference between long and short chained hydrocarbons
Short change hydrocarbons are flammable so make good fuels but long chained hydrocarbons are thick floppy liquids like tar
What type of reaction is cracking
Thermal decomposition
Diffference between Alkene and Alkane
Alkene are double bonded and alkane are single bonded
What are the first 4 alkanes
Methane c h4
Ethane c2 h6
Propane c3 h8
Butane c4 h10
What are hydrocarbons made up of
Hydrogen and carbon
Properties of alkanes
Have single bonds
Are saturated as each carbon atom kind to 4 other elements
Hydrocarbon properties
The shorter the chain the more runny it is so it has a lower viscosity
If it is shorter it turns into a gas at lower temperature
And also it is more flammable
How does fractional distillation work
Oil is heated until it turns into gas
The gases enter fractional column
In the column it is hotter near the bottom and cooler near the top
As the crude oil evaporated and goes up the longer chained hydrocarbons condense at lower temperatures and the shorter ones rise further up before condensing so they get split up in the different fractions
Uses for crude oil
Fuel
Polymers
Lubricant
The 2 methods of cracking
Fractional distillation and steam cracking
Properties of alkenes
Have double bonds
Have too few hydrocarbons so they are unsaturated
