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Chemistry > Crude Oil > Flashcards

Crude Oil Flashcards

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1
Q

What is crude oil and how is it used?

A

Crude oil is a hydrocarbon - it needs to be split into fractions to be useful

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2
Q

What is an alkane?

A

An alkane is a hydrocarbon with the formula

CnH2n+2

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3
Q

What is an alkene?

A

An alkene is a hydrocarbon with a double bond with the formula
CnH2n

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4
Q

What is cracking and how does it work?

A

Cracking makes long hydrocarbons shorter

Requires heat to break down the hydrocarbons

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5
Q

How is ethanol ( alcohol ) produced?

A

Reacted with steam

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6
Q

What is the test for an alkene?

A

Bromine water

Goes from red to orange to colourless if present

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7
Q

How can hydrocarbons be broken down into smaller molecules

A

Cracking

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8
Q

What kind of reaction happens when large hydrocarbons are broken down

A

Thermal decomposition

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9
Q

What conditions are needed for cracking of large hydrocarbons?

A

Heat hydrocarbons and vapourise them

Then pass there’s vapours over a catalyst

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10
Q

What is polymerisation

A

Small molecules are joined to make longer , more useful molecules

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11
Q

2 examples of polymers ?

A

Poly( ethane)

Poly( propene)

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12
Q

What determines the properties of polymers

A

What they are made from and the conditions under which they are made

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13
Q

6 uses of polymers

A 
New packaging 
Waterproof coating 
Dental polymers 
Hyrogels
Smart materials
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14
Q

What are the problems with Polymers

A

Often polymers are not biodegradable causing issues with disposal

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15
Q

What is thermal decomposition ?

A

The breaking up of a molecule using heat

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16
Q

What is a monomer?

What is a polymer?

A

Monomer - single molecules of a chemical such as ethane

Polymer - more than one monomer joined together such as poly(ethane)

17
Q

Crude oil is a mixture - what is a mixture ?

A

2 or more elements of compounds which are not chemically joined

18
Q

What is fractional distillation?

A

A way to separate a mixture into different fractions, based on boiling point
Different hydrocarbons evaporate at different temperatures after which they are considered

19
Q

Why can combustion be termed as oxidation reaction?

A

Combustion involves oxygen being added to the fuel

20
Q

Why is cornstarch used as a replacement for some previous polymers ?

A

It is biodegradable polymer which breaks down more easily

Chemistry (12 decks)

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